Chapter objectives:

-       understanding the importance of basic transport serviceability,

-       understanding the impact of transport on settlements and cities development,

-        knowledge of the decisive criteria for the creation of integrated transport systems.

Time required to study the chapter: 6 hours

Interpretation:

 

The impact of transport on settlements and cities development

Depending on the new phenomenon of the 1960s, when urban growth was being curtailed and stopped in terms of territorial expansion and, in addition, there is a tendency for deconcentration, geographers established (e.g. Berg, Drewett, Klaassen, Rosi, Vijveberg 1982, Cheshire and Hay 1989, M. Tosics 1989) "General Theory of Modern Urban Development".

This theory is based on the assumption that urban development takes place in successive phases of urban development: urbanization, suburbanization, desurbanization and reurbanization.

The phases are repeated in cycles in all cases of urban development, i.e. first of all, in innovative centers, and subsequently, they expand to the rest of the world. The urbanization process is influenced mainly by the country's economic maturity and the industrialization degree which results in the optimal population placement.

 

Transport serviceability

According to the Act on Public Services in Passenger Transportation (Czech Republic), transport accessibility represents ensuring the transport for all days of the week, especially to schools, public authorities, work (job), health facilities and to satisfy the cultural, recreational and social needs, including the transport to come back.

 

In relation to local residents, transport serviceability can be characterized as follows:

a.  in terms of spatial perspective - the ability to carry (transport) a person within the desired area (stops availability, destination accessibility, density of traffic network, etc.)

b.  in terms of time perspective - the ability to carry a person within the desired time (time of traffic operation on the transport line during the day, regularity - line-interval of transport, etc.)

c.  in terms of transport lines capacity - the offer of free space in vehicles on the particular line at the required time and transport direction (vehicles capacity utilization, etc.)

d.  in terms of finances - the ratio of ticket price (fare) for the individual population groups to their income (salary).

 

In most cities, transport serviceability is ensured by four basic modes of passenger transport:

·         urban passenger transport,

·         line regular bus transport,

·         individual car transport,

·         railway passenger transport.

Mostly, they are operated concurrently without greater co-ordination. However, there are exceptions; in some areas, so-called "integrated transport systems" already exist, where time and space coordination of the different modes of transport in the city is ensured.

Integrated Transport System (ITS) is a system of transport serviceability of a particular integrated territory by public passenger transport including multiple modes of transport or transport lines of several carriers (operators) when passengers are transported under the uniform transport and tariff conditions (transport rules and tariff system).

Transport is often provided by various means of transport (vehicles). Integration may include even continuity to cycling or individual car transport in the form of P+R, B+R or K+R (Park and Ride, Bike and Ride, Kiss and Ride). Different carriers may participate in ITS and timetables of individual transport lines shall be optimized, no matter which carrier operates the given line. Passengers within ITS utilize uniform tickets which can be used throughout the system regardless of the carrier and used means of transport.

 

Study materials:

Basic literature:

Voženílek, V., Strakoš, V. City Logistics: Dopravní problémy města a logistika. Olomouc: Publisher – Palacky University, 2009, pp. 63-74. ISBN 978-80-244-2317-3

Drdla, P. Technologie a řízení dopravy: městská hromadná doprava. Pardubice, Publisher - University of Pardubice, 2005.

Recommended study materials:

SOUTHERN, R. Neil. Transportation and Logistics Basics. Northwestern University: Continental Traffic Publishing Company, 1997. 375 p. A Handbook for Transportation and Logistics Professionals and Students. ISBN 978-0-9655014-0-8.

TANIGUCHI, E. et al. Urban Transportation and Logistics: Health, Safety, and Security Concerns. 1st.: CRC Press, 2013. 280 p. ISBN 978-1-4822-0909-9.

 

Questions and tasks

1.      Urban development takes place in successive phases of urban development. Which ones?

    a)      urbanization, suburbanization, desurbanization and reurbanization,

    b)      desurbanization, interurbanization, reurbanization, urbanization,

    c)      urbanization, suburbanization, desurbanization, reurbanization.

2.      Define the term “transport serviceability”.

3.      In terms of spatial perspective, transport serviceability of the city, in relation to local residents, transport serviceability can be characterized as follows:

a)      the ability to carry a person within the desired area

b)      the ability to carry a person within the desired time

c)      the offer of free space in vehicles on the particular line at the required time and transport direction

 

4.      In most cities, transport serviceability is ensured by four basic modes of passenger transport. They do not include:
      a)    Individual car transport;
      b)   Railway passenger transport;
      c)    Air passenger transport.

 

Key to solve the questions:

1)      c.

2)    Ensuring the transport for all days of the week, especially to schools, public authorities, work (job), health facilities and to satisfy the cultural, recreational and social needs, including the transport to come back.

3)     a.

  4)   c.