Chapter objectives:

-          understanding the principles of creating a city's transport system,

-      understanding the importance of regulation and optimization of elements in the city's transport system.

Time required to study the chapter: 6 hours

Interpretation:

 

Transport system of the city

Depending on the position (location) of the source, i.e. activity generating transportation demands, and the location of the destination, i.e. activity accepting transportation demands, the transport can be divided into:

• transit (or bypass) transport – i.e. the source and destination of the transport route are located outside the given territory;

• external transport (target and source) – i.e. the source is located inside and destination is located outside the territory, or vice versa;

• internal transport – i.e. both the source and the destination are located within the territory.

The offer of roads capacity in the city does not correspond to the current demand. Due to urban roads congestion, there are collisions among individual components of surface passenger and freight transport (both dynamic and static) and pedestrian traffic. Several organizational and regulatory measures can be applied to solve this problem.

Long-term regulatory measures for the transport organization in cities include:

o   Organization of transport on the road network (measures to achieve the highest possible transport segregation, definition of main and side roads, creating one-way roads, etc.),

o  Parking/stopping prohibition and restrictions regarding certain movements and maneuvers on the road, etc.,

o  Organization of transport movements at intersections (marking shift lanes, no right turn, commanded driving direction),

o  Measures to increase the homogenity of the traffic flow (elimination of slow vehicles permanently or temporarily, reduction of driving speed limit, people´s access to communication, etc.),

o  Measures to increase the homogeneity of the traffic (limit interference with communications, etc.),

o  Preference tools and measures for means of transport in public passenger transport or emergency vehicles (preferences on separate lanes at intersections).

 

Short-term regulatory measures on the road network include:

o  Measure to the distribute and layout the traffic peak hours (temporal and spatial),

o  Establishing temporary bypass routes,

o  Measures to manage the emergency short-term concentrations of traffic,

o  Optimizing performances of stakeholders: city-suppliers-customers, etc.

 

Transport links in the city and their relation to the City logistics

During transportation of passengers, cargo and information, certain links are created. They interconnect urban, suburban, intercity, inter-regional and international modes of transport. There are basic transport links in the city, such as:

• transport links to employers' sector,

• transport links to civic amenities,

• transport links to recreation.

 

Formation of the city's transport system

The city's transport system consists of:

·         transport networks,

·         traffic organization (traffic management and regulation in terms of time and space aspects),

·         means of transport.

 

The process of dealing with the city's transport system can be summarized in four steps:

1)      optimizing the functional arrangement of the city that leads to the elimination of residual transport of all levels;

2)      reconstruction of existing elements of the current transport system, design and construction of new elements of the transport system;

3)      organizational measures and traffic management that optimizes an utilization of transport corridors;

4)      regulation and restriction of certain modes of transport.

 

Study materials:

Basic literature:

CityPlan s.r.o. TP 131. Zásady pro úpravy silnic včetně průtahů obcemi. Prague: CityPlan s.r.o., 2000, 104 p. Technical conditions

JIRAVA, P., SLABÝ, P. Dopravní inženýrství. Prague: ČVUT, 1990, 165 p., ISBN 80-01-00213-6.

Recommended study materials:

SOUTHERN, R. Neil. Transportation and Logistics Basics. ilustrované vydání. Northwestern University: Continental Traffic Publishing Company, 1997. 375 p. A Handbook for Transportation and Logistics Professionals and Students. ISBN 978-0-9655014-0-8.

TANIGUCHI, E. a R.G. THOMPSON. City Logistics: Mapping The Future. : CRC Press, 2014. 231 s. ISBN 978-1-4822-0889-4.

TANIGUCHI, E. et al. Urban Transportation and Logistics: Health, Safety, and Security Concerns. 1st. : CRC Press, 2013. 280 s. ISBN 978-1-4822-0909-9.
 

Questions and tasks

1.      On which three types of transport can be divided transport in cities depending on the location of the sources and destinations of the routes?

a)      network, organizational and operational transport

b)      transport to civic amenities, recreation and employers' sector

c)      transit, external and internal transport

2.      Which transport links in the city and their relationship to the City logistics are known?

a)      transit links, external and internal

b)      transport links to employers' sector, transport links to civic amenities and transport links to recreation.

c)      links for goods storage, links for goods loading and unloading, links for goods transportation from industrial objects

3.      What creates the transport system of the city?

4.      The process of dealing with the city's transport system can be summarized in four steps. Which ones?

Key to solve the questions:

1)      c.

2)      b.

3)      transport networks, traffic organization and means of transport.

  5)    a) optimizing the functional arrangement of the city that leads to the elimination of residual transport of all levels; b) reconstruction of existing elements of the current transport system, design and construction of new elements of the transport system; c) organizational measures and traffic management that optimizes an utilization of transport corridors; d) regulation and restriction of certain modes of transport.