The main aim of this paper was to establish the link between the importance of procurement and inbound logistics, investment in these areas and the economic impact during the recession. The research question was answered by testing seven hypotheses that focused on the interrelationship between procurement and inbound logistics on issues of perceived importance, investment, and the impact of economic results on this relationship. The parametric two-sample one-factor ANOVA was used to test the hypotheses. The correlation between the change in the importance of procurement and inbound logistics was most confirmed for micro-service firms. The shift in importance during the recession affected investment only in procurement, not in inbound logistics processes. A stronger link between the change in the importance of procurement and the change in the importance of inbound logistics was observed for profitable enterprises. The limitations of the research include, for example, geographical limitations (the research focuses on companies in the Czech Republic) and time limitations (i.e., the study focuses exclusively on a short-term (1 year) observation period).