Key words: Electro-ionic climate, Lenard effect, ion, anions, cations, aeroions, ionizers

ELECTRO-IONIC CLIMATE

Electro-ionic microclimate is a component of the internal environment created by positive and negative ions in the atmosphere that act on humans and shape their overall state.

The gas molecules are electrically neutral Under normal conditions. Due to the effect of ionizing energy, there are non-elastic collisions of neutral molecules. As a result of these precipitations, electrons are pulled from the orbital sphere of atoms and thus a pair of electrically charged particles is formed. These particles are not stable, they connect with neutral atoms or molecules into clusters (up to 30 molecules) that are more stable, they are called light ions.

Ion is an electrically charged particle that originates from an electrically neutral atom or molecule by adding or removing electrons while retaining the original number of protons.

Aeroiont is a complex of 10 to 30 molecules that is formed by joining electrically charged particles with neutral atoms.

SOURCES OF IONIZATION ENERGY

The ions are formed by the action of an electric field, ionizing and ultraviolet radiation, and so called Lenanrd effect.

The formation of air ions is influenced by the ionization of radiation from natural radioactive substances, Contained in the environment (soil, air), cosmic rays and the radiation of heavy particles coming into the higher layers of the atmosphere from the sun. Also ultraviolet radiation.

In the interior of buildings, ²²²Ra and ²²⁰Ra can also be a powerful source of aeroions, and they are contained in construction structures (granite and concrete) that diffuse into the room. Concentration of airfoils, especially with reduced room ventilation, can then be considerably higher than in the exterior. In such a case, radon and its modifications in air can exceed the maximum allowable values for long-term residence and become a serious danger that the user has no clue and cannot perceive by their senses.

The Lenard effect (Also called spray electrification, waterfall effect) occurs when water is sprayed into the air or cracked gas bubbles on the water surface, creating positive and negative ions by separating small particles from the water surface. The whole fluid is therefore divided into small negative particles and larger positive drops.

EFFECTS OF IONS ON HUMAN ORGANISM

Aeroionts primarily serve to accelerate biochemical reactions. Small or even negative ions are positive for the organism. They have a positive effect on the respiratory system, where they give up their charge, which is positively manifested by increased activity of ciliary epithelium and mucus production, EEG, changes in blood pressure, basal metabolism and a subjective sensation of freshness. The positive influence of light negative ions was observed in asthmatics, allergens and rheumatism.

Negative ions (anions) in the body to cause an increase in blood pH, decrease blood pressure, decrease in oxygen consumption, increas metabolism of water soluble vitamins, increase of mucosal secretory activity and increase resistance to viral diseases.

Positive ions (cations) cause a decrease in blood pH, increase in blood pressure, decrease in cholesterol levels, drying of mucous membranes.

The predominance of cations in the air is demonstrated in nature by the adverse effects of some dry warm winds. Substances that affect the ions play an important role in the metabolic effects and the transfer of certain impulses in the lower midbrain, which is very important for the production of sleep and overall mood of a person.

Air poor on any ions is referred to as "heavy". Air with a predominance of positive ions is referred to as "snooze". Air with the predominance of negative ions appears to be "cold". The air with the optimal ratio (p/n = 5/4) is described as "light and fresh". The formation of medium and particularly heavy ions should be avoided. Air cleanliness is essential. Electro-ion microclimate must always be solved together with an aerosol microclimate.

The content of light negative ions in the indoor environment of buildings is reduced by anthropogenic activity such as smoking. Smoking greatly reduces light ion content in the room for several hours. In a smoky environment people feel nonspecific type of problem irritation, increased fatigue, difficulty of concentration and decrease work performance. Sleep disorder and insomnia may occur.

OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRO-IONIC MICROCLIMATE

Optimization of electro-ionic moicroclimate can be done either intervention to the source or intervention in the transmission field.

Aeroions get into the indoor environment by ventilation, naturally through windows or forced ventilation, which do not discharge electrically charged particles. Occurrence aeroiontů significantly influences and used building materials and surface finish.  It is recommended to use classical building materials such as bricks and wood. Uncoated raw wood neutralizes a considerable amount of aeroion on its surface, unlike smooth veneer.

One way to prevent aeroion destruction is to limit transmission activities. The second option is to install aerosone ionizers. For practical use, hydrodynamic, corona discharge and ceiling electrode ionizers are currently being manufactured.