The book focuses on analyzing the primary sector in the South Bohemian Region. Key analysis was conducted by evaluating data from Bisnode’s Albertina database about the productivity of sectors of the primary sector between 2010 and 2015 – the period of the subsiding worldwide economic crisis of 2008. To estimate the classic production function, the least squares method was applied for panel data with a fixed effect. The authors also used methodological approaches from economics, statistics, landscape engineering, economic policy, and political, economic, and legal history. They conclude that large enterprises in the primary sector have issues with low work productivity or that they observed declining profits from additionally hired employees between 2010 and 2015. Only selected sector had constant returns on scale. The situation in the South Bohemian Region was determined to be average in comparison to other regions in the entire branch of the primary sector. The region excels in forestry, mostly thanks to better profits from work extent that other regions. The authors also conclude that the South Bohemian Region significantly supports ecological farming, thereby increasing their dependency on state funding, lowering their productivity and technical effectiveness. They also state that Lesy České republiky, s. p. do not have competitors in the South Bohemian Region in the areas of forestry and lumbering, and that private enterprises do not differ in productivity when compared to state owned enterprises, whose numbers are rising. The main issues of the fishing and aquaculture sectors are pollution, weather fluctuations, and fish infections. Considering consumption stagnation, focusing on export and new possibilities of processing fish or replacing traditional production with production more requested by consumers are all opportunities. The analysis of the mining industry shows that the South Bohemian Region appropriately focuses on special raw materials and that the capacities of the currently used deposits of building stone and sandy gravel fully cover the future needs of the South Bohemian Region and the neighboring regions for several decades.