Theses on a related topic (having the same keywords):
benefity, generace y, motivace, satisfaction, employees, zamestnanci, generace x, spokojenost, benefits, generation x, generation y, motivationKeywords ordered alphabetically | Keywords ordered by occurrence rate
301.
Pavelková, Adéla
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Motivace a stimulace pracovníků ve vybraném podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Motivace a stimulace pracovníků ve vybraném podniku | Theses on a related topic
302.
Písková, Barbora
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Motivace zaměstnanců a systém odměňování ve vybrané firmě | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Motivace zaměstnanců a systém odměňování ve vybrané firmě | Theses on a related topic
303.
Pivcová, Petra
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Motivace a stimulace zaměstnanců ve vybraném podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Motivace a stimulace zaměstnanců ve vybraném podniku | Theses on a related topic
304.
Prajerová, Michaela
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Technology of Transport and Communications / Technology of Transport and Conveyance (combination/specialization: Logistické technologie)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vývoj MHD v Českých Budějovicích | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Technology of Transport and Communications / Technology of Transport and Conveyance (combination/specialization: Logistické technologie)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vývoj MHD v Českých Budějovicích | Theses on a related topic
305.
Procházková, Zuzana
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Motivace a stimulace pracovníků ve vybraném podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Motivace a stimulace pracovníků ve vybraném podniku | Theses on a related topic
306.
Přibylová, Blanka maiden name: Divišová
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Business Economics / Business Economics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Adaptační proces a stabilizace zaměstnanců v podnicích v průmyslovém sektoru nebo v sektoru služeb | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Business Economics / Business Economics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Adaptační proces a stabilizace zaměstnanců v podnicích v průmyslovém sektoru nebo v sektoru služeb | Theses on a related topic
307.
Ptáček, Petr
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Jazykové dovednosti uživatelů anglického jazyka ve firemním prostředí | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Jazykové dovednosti uživatelů anglického jazyka ve firemním prostředí | Theses on a related topic
308.
Richtrová, Lenka
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2017, studies terminated for failure to fulfill study requirements
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Řízení vztahů se zákazníky ve vybraném podnikatelském subjektu v oblasti maloobchodu s drogistickým zbožím | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2017, studies terminated for failure to fulfill study requirements
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Řízení vztahů se zákazníky ve vybraném podnikatelském subjektu v oblasti maloobchodu s drogistickým zbožím | Theses on a related topic
309.
Rodová, Aneta
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vyhodnocení stávajícího motivačního systému ve zvolené firmě a jeho návrh na inovaci | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vyhodnocení stávajícího motivačního systému ve zvolené firmě a jeho návrh na inovaci | Theses on a related topic
310.
Řezanková, Jitka
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Motivace pracovníků v návaznosti na cíle vybraného podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Motivace pracovníků v návaznosti na cíle vybraného podniku | Theses on a related topic
311.
Skopalová, Andrea
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Motivační a věrnostní programy jako nástroj budování loajality zákazníků | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Motivační a věrnostní programy jako nástroj budování loajality zákazníků | Theses on a related topic
312.
Stříž, Jaroslav
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vyhodnocení stávajícího motivačního systému ve zvolené firmě a jeho návrh na inovaci | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vyhodnocení stávajícího motivačního systému ve zvolené firmě a jeho návrh na inovaci | Theses on a related topic
313.
Svobodová, Simona
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2020, studies terminated for failure to fulfill study requirements
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Marketing)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Spokojenost zákazníků ve vybraném podnikatelském subjektu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2020, studies terminated for failure to fulfill study requirements
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Marketing)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Spokojenost zákazníků ve vybraném podnikatelském subjektu | Theses on a related topic
314.
Šindelková, Kristýna
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Business Economy / Business Administration
Master's thesis defence: Zhodnocení úrovně a kvality HR business partnerství v personálním útvaru výrobního podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Business Economy / Business Administration
Master's thesis defence: Zhodnocení úrovně a kvality HR business partnerství v personálním útvaru výrobního podniku | Theses on a related topic
315.
Šiplová, Věra
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Nástroje motivace jako základ výrobního procesu u podniku D.I.C. a.s. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Nástroje motivace jako základ výrobního procesu u podniku D.I.C. a.s. | Theses on a related topic
316.
Škodová, Aneta
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Finance a účetnictví)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Motivace a stimulace pracovníků ve vybraném podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Finance a účetnictví)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Motivace a stimulace pracovníků ve vybraném podniku | Theses on a related topic
317.
Šógorová, Petra
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza spokojenosti zaměstnanců ve vybrané firmě | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza spokojenosti zaměstnanců ve vybrané firmě | Theses on a related topic
318.
Šuldová, Sabina
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Pracovní motivace a její naplnění u zaměstnanců ve vybraném kraji | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Pracovní motivace a její naplnění u zaměstnanců ve vybraném kraji | Theses on a related topic
319.
Tenkl, Miroslav
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza spokojenosti zaměstnanců ve vybrané společnosti | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza spokojenosti zaměstnanců ve vybrané společnosti | Theses on a related topic
320.
Tomšíčková, Lucie
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Business Economics / Business Economics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Digitální transformace v sektoru bankovnictví a pojišťovnictví | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Business Economics / Business Economics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Digitální transformace v sektoru bankovnictví a pojišťovnictví | Theses on a related topic
321.
Trantinová, Kateřina
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Marketing)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza motivačního a stimulačního systému ve vybraném podniku a návrh na jeho inovaci | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Marketing)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza motivačního a stimulačního systému ve vybraném podniku a návrh na jeho inovaci | Theses on a related topic
322.
Trefná, Kristýna
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchod)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Komunikační chyby řídicích pracovníků ve vybraném podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchod)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Komunikační chyby řídicích pracovníků ve vybraném podniku | Theses on a related topic
323.
Turinská, Veronika
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Business Economics / Business Economics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza systému hodnocení pracovníků a pracovního výkonu ve vybraném podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Business Economics / Business Economics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza systému hodnocení pracovníků a pracovního výkonu ve vybraném podniku | Theses on a related topic
324.
Tylová, Lenka
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Cestovní ruch)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Motivace a stimulace zaměstnanců ve vybraném podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Cestovní ruch)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Motivace a stimulace zaměstnanců ve vybraném podniku | Theses on a related topic
325.
Uzlová, Hana maiden name: Sedláčková
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Motivace a stimulace pracovníků ve vybraném podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Motivace a stimulace pracovníků ve vybraném podniku | Theses on a related topic
326.
Vacková, Kateřina
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza systému hodnocení pracovníků ve vybrané firmě | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza systému hodnocení pracovníků ve vybrané firmě | Theses on a related topic
327.
Vencálková, Michaela
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Management dopravy a přepravy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Stimulační a motivační faktory ve vybrané firmě | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Management dopravy a přepravy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Stimulační a motivační faktory ve vybrané firmě | Theses on a related topic
328.
Vítů, Karolína
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza motivačního a stimulačního systému ve vybraném podniku a návrh na jeho inovaci | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza motivačního a stimulačního systému ve vybraném podniku a návrh na jeho inovaci | Theses on a related topic
329.
Voříšková, Martina maiden name: Houšková
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Human Resource Management / Human Resource Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Motivace zaměstnanců k vzdělávání a seberozvoji ve výrobním sektoru | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Human Resource Management / Human Resource Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Motivace zaměstnanců k vzdělávání a seberozvoji ve výrobním sektoru | Theses on a related topic
330.
Vosecká, Barbora
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Motivace a stimulace pracovníků ve vybraném podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Motivace a stimulace pracovníků ve vybraném podniku | Theses on a related topic
331.
Vosecká, Pavla
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Finance a účetnictví)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Systém odměňování pracovníků ve vybraném podniku. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Finance a účetnictví)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Systém odměňování pracovníků ve vybraném podniku. | Theses on a related topic
332.
Vymětalík, Jakub
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza motivačního a stimulačního systému ve vybraném podniku a návrh na jeho inovaci | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza motivačního a stimulačního systému ve vybraném podniku a návrh na jeho inovaci | Theses on a related topic
333.
Záhorková, Irena maiden name: Pokorná
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Obchodní vyjednávací techniky jako nástroj pro zvyšování tržeb vybrané společnosti | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Zdanění provozu motorových vozidel v České republice | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Obchodní vyjednávací techniky jako nástroj pro zvyšování tržeb vybrané společnosti | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Zdanění provozu motorových vozidel v České republice | Theses on a related topic
334.
Zahradníková, Jitka
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Nástroje motivace a stimulace jako základ výrobního procesu v Rohde Schwarz závod Vimperk s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Nástroje motivace a stimulace jako základ výrobního procesu v Rohde Schwarz závod Vimperk s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
335.
Zavadilová, Naděžda
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Motivace a stimulace zaměstnanců ve vybrané obchodní společnosti | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Motivace a stimulace zaměstnanců ve vybrané obchodní společnosti | Theses on a related topic
336.
Zbořilová, Nikola
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vyhodnocení stávajícího motivačního systému ve zvolené firmě a jeho návrh na inovaci | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Administration and Management (combination/specialization: Obchodní podnikání)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vyhodnocení stávajícího motivačního systému ve zvolené firmě a jeho návrh na inovaci | Theses on a related topic