Transport plays a crucial role in economy bringing goods and services to customers and in life of people – transporting passengers to work, school or touristic travel. Unfortunately, the dynamic development of motoring observed in the last 2 decades, contributes to many negative phenomena occurring in road transport. Traffic congestion and high risk of accidents result in disappointment of many drivers and public transport users, causing psychological tension and increasing the traffic accident rate. The article presents a comparative analysis of the state of road traffic safety in Poland, Slovakia and Czech Republic, on the basis of reports and statements of the relevant state bodies. The traffic accident rate is one of key indicators that helps measuring processes of the transport system and its development. In this study we presents the differences on road traffic safety in three countries, also demonstrated traffic accidents caused by technical malfunction of the vehicle and selected aspects of improvement of traffic safety.