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Undoubtedly, the fuel consumption of road vehicles belongs among the most important operating and automotive safety characteristics and reaches the high weight of importance when selecting appropriate vehicle. Manufacturer of personal road vehicles has a duty to perform the approval tests of the vehicle operation impact on the environmental safety and its fuel consumption. However, the level of real operational fuel consumption is often different and influenced by several factors. The paper deals with the outline of specific data on the given laboratory technological equipment, the fuel consumptions laboratory testing, automotive safety as well as the possibility of quantifying the vehicle economy in the laboratory conditions using the particular single roller dynamometer. The issue of measuring the vehicle fuel consumption is still the highly topical matter. Each road vehicle operator is interested in it since it affects his operating costs and emission production. Measuring the fuel consumption under the laboratory conditions using the latest technology allows for performing a lot of types of tests depending on the desired outcomes. When evaluating the impact of various factors which affect the fuel consumption as well as emission production, it is useful to utilize the operational fuel consumption for easy interpretation.