Edison, Siemens brothers, or Carl Benz ran their business by implementing their scientific and technological projects. They were engineers, planners, and businessmen at once. Aside from these project managed companies, there were also manufactures focused on serial mass production with a completely different management philosophy and a different organisation of production. The efforts to maximise the rationalisation of the production process resulted in centralised and higly organised systems with a wide organisational structure and high levels of internal specialisation. This management philosophy had excellent result in this time - the high productivity of modern production systems and a high living standard were a proof of it.