This study analyses the political and economic relations between Czechoslovakia and Chile in the period 1945–1989. The main source of materials consists of documents from Czech archives. During the Cold War, polarized Chilean society perceived the states east of the Iron Curtain as a political and economic alternative for weakening the country´s dependence on the US, but at the same time, as a serious threat whose influence had to be prevented at all costs. The referenced period was therefore marked by turbulent moments, evidenced by the suspension of relations on two occasions, namely in 1947 and 1973. The current analysis of the contacts between Czechoslovakia and Chile will contribute to the hitherto little examined issue of the foreign policy of communist Czechoslovakia. At the same time, the study should help to create an understanding of the complexity of the relations between the Eastern Bloc and Latin America during the Cold War.