The chapter “Human Resources Management” of the expert collective monograph “South Bohemian Region in Global Economy” showed on the basis of the performed questionnaire inquiry that enterprises should focus on improving their human resources management due to their sustainable management and competitiveness on European and even global markets. The authors proved that long-term positive economic results are achieved in enterprises with a functioning human resources department. They also found out that corporate management does not show a needed sufficient expert quality in the field of the human resources management. It was detected that the influence of the human resources field is even underestimated in some enterprises in regards to its influence on the enterprise economic and its social environment. The number of personnel officers with corresponding education is gradually decreasing. The authors came to the conclusion that it is essential to provide managers with basic knowledge about human resources and human resources management (motivating employees, evaluating employees etc.).