The aim of this chapter is the introductory parts define and characterize globalization and the globalization processes. In the next part are based on the analysis of secondary information generally identified market segments, which significantly is the globalization processes operate. The effects of globalization and the processes of globalization are the most important market for goods and services, labor and financial markets. Therefore it is mentioned submarkets in the spotlight exploration of the author. In the final sections of the chapter are the consequences of globalization concretized by the conditions of the South Bohemian region, using primary and secondary sources of information.