Small and medium enterprises (SME) acting in the territory of the EU member states generate more than 2/3 of job positions in the private sector and therefore they are one of crucial factors to public interest. Thereby, harmonization of accounting rules and financial statements and their mutual comparability and comprehensibility is becoming very important. International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) is working on formation and application of standards for SME and these are involved in a working version of standards. The aim of this paper is to analyse questions and problems of SME – unlisted companies within the context of IFRS application. The paper identifies barriers which inhibits the activity of small and medium enterprises in doing business on integrated sale. It is also dealing with suggestion of a conceptual framework for SME in the accounting and tax area.