Recently the economies of many countries are affected by the lingering depression or have started a period of moderate growth. Independently of the real state of the economy many companies are still in loss, objectively forced to dismiss their employees, and many even go bankrupt. However, there is generally a sector which resists these trends and the economic situation around. It is the public sector. The reasons can be found in bargaining power, the importance of the sector to national economies, political power, etc. Public authorities are labeled by the public as inefficient institutions. If we wanted to claim the correctness of this claim, we should objectively define efficiency and set possibilities how to quantify the efficiency. Finally, it is important to correctly interpret the results of the analysis and take appropriate corrective action.