9. Microorganisms
in Indoor Microclimate
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Microbial Microclimate
•Microbial microclimate is made up of microorganisms - bacteria, viruses and molds occurring in the
interior of buildings. A serious problem is especially spores, fungi and pollen particles, which
can trigger allergic reactions.
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•Bacteria are microscopic single-celled microorganisms of various sizes. The average bacterial size
is about 0.3 - 2.0 μm. Some aquatic bacteria have a size of several tens to hundreds of
micrometers.
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Microbial Microclimate
•Viruses are non-cellular microorganisms of genomic nucleic acid encapsulated by a protein coat,
which can only reproduce inside a host cell.
•Mites are a number of small arthropods from the class of arachnids whose bodies have merged into a
single whole. Many mites are parasitic and dangerous carriers of disease.
•Fungi (mold, fibrous microscopic fungi, micromycetes) are multicellular microorganisms. Molds grow
in the form of multicellular thread-like structures called hyphae. Fungi that exist as single cells
are called yeasts.
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Microbial Microclimate
•According to the method of entry into the interior are three sources of microorganisms:
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•Outdoor air as a source of microorganisms
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•Air-conditioning equipment of buildings as a source of micro-organisms
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•Human as a source of microorganisms
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Microbial Microclimate
•The highest incidence of microorganisms in the indoor environment is in the winter.
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•Most microorganisms for their life and reproduction urgently needs high humidity and temperature.
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•Building and technical objects are not the optimal environment for microbes, yet many families of
microbes appear.
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•These microbes need an extraordinary environment for their lives. They are among the so-called
extrémophiles.
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Microbial Microclimate
•Selected species of extremophile organisms, including their environmental occurrence:
•Thermophiles - High temperatures
•Psychophiles - Low temperature
•Adidophils - Acidic environment (low pH)
•Alkalophores - Essential environment (high pH)
•Halophyll - High salt concentration
•Barophiles - High pressure
•Oligophils - Low concentration of organic substrate
•Osmophiles - Water unavailability
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Optimization of Microbial Microclimate
•The quality of the microbial microclimate is evaluated according to the acceptable concentration
of microbes - for residential environments is max. 200 to 500 microbes/m3, in the urban environment
there are concentrations of up to 1500 microbes/m3.
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•Environmental quality requirements for conventional buildings are met, if bacterial or mold
concentration do not exceed of 500 KTJ/m3 of air (colony forming units).
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