6. Toxic Microclimate C:\Users\21536\AppData\Local\Temp\7zOCBEF4013\interreg_Rakousko_Ceska_Republika_RGB.jpg https://www.email.cz/download/k/vPwBms0jPnQoTvgo0jFvvGwDhdh9Jlfl9rKdiuyzDRyHOOMId1HvJLvOPRBH2skc4uZ VKBw/image001.png Fachhochschulen Oberösterreich Toxic Microclimate •Air is a mixture of different gases, of which nitrogen, oxygen, argon and carbon dioxide predominate. These gases make up 99.99% of the atmosphere. • •In addition, air contains various dopants such as ozone, carbon monoxide CO, sulfur oxides, ammonia and dust. • •Toxic substances present in the internal environment will be originated either from the exterior or in the interior itself. C:\Users\21536\AppData\Local\Temp\7zOCBEF4013\interreg_Rakousko_Ceska_Republika_RGB.jpg https://www.email.cz/download/k/vPwBms0jPnQoTvgo0jFvvGwDhdh9Jlfl9rKdiuyzDRyHOOMId1HvJLvOPRBH2skc4uZ VKBw/image001.png Fachhochschulen Oberösterreich Carbon Monoxide •Carbon monoxide is the product of incomplete combustion for oxygen access. •The sources include solid fuel stoves, gas appliances without exhaust, fireplaces, non-fired kitchens with a gas stove, and others. •Smoking of tobacco is also a significant source. •Carbon monoxide binds to the red blood dye and thus reduces the amount of oxygen transmitted by the blood. Lighter poisoning is manifested by headaches, pounding blood in the head, chest pressure, dizziness. C:\Users\21536\AppData\Local\Temp\7zOCBEF4013\interreg_Rakousko_Ceska_Republika_RGB.jpg https://www.email.cz/download/k/vPwBms0jPnQoTvgo0jFvvGwDhdh9Jlfl9rKdiuyzDRyHOOMId1HvJLvOPRBH2skc4uZ VKBw/image001.png Fachhochschulen Oberösterreich Nitrogen Oxides •The sources of nitrogen oxides are emissions from automobile transport and from stationary sources burning fossil fuels at high temperatures. • •Eight nitrogen oxides can be found in the indoor environment. Only two cause health damage. • •Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrous oxide (NO) have a harmful effect on humans C:\Users\21536\AppData\Local\Temp\7zOCBEF4013\interreg_Rakousko_Ceska_Republika_RGB.jpg https://www.email.cz/download/k/vPwBms0jPnQoTvgo0jFvvGwDhdh9Jlfl9rKdiuyzDRyHOOMId1HvJLvOPRBH2skc4uZ VKBw/image001.png Fachhochschulen Oberösterreich Smog •Smog is the chemical pollution of the atmosphere caused by human activity. • •The atmosphere is enriched with ingredients that are not normally in it and which are harmful to health during a phenomenon. • •Smog (smoke and fog produced by nitrogen oxides) arises because of air pollution, which is degraded by exposure to ultraviolet radiation to other toxic substances, such as ozone. C:\Users\21536\AppData\Local\Temp\7zOCBEF4013\interreg_Rakousko_Ceska_Republika_RGB.jpg https://www.email.cz/download/k/vPwBms0jPnQoTvgo0jFvvGwDhdh9Jlfl9rKdiuyzDRyHOOMId1HvJLvOPRBH2skc4uZ VKBw/image001.png Fachhochschulen Oberösterreich Ozone •Ozone (O3 or triatomic oxygen) is natural gas, which binds to the oxidized organic compounds. It is a reaction with other elements in the atmosphere. Ozone concentrations in the indoor environment tend to be half that of the external environment. There are two types: • •Atmospheric ozone, which is in the atmospheric layer and protects us from harmful ultraviolet rays. Its loss causes the so-called ozone hole. • •Tropospheric ozone, which is contained in the ground air zone and at high concentrations, is harmful to humans. C:\Users\21536\AppData\Local\Temp\7zOCBEF4013\interreg_Rakousko_Ceska_Republika_RGB.jpg https://www.email.cz/download/k/vPwBms0jPnQoTvgo0jFvvGwDhdh9Jlfl9rKdiuyzDRyHOOMId1HvJLvOPRBH2skc4uZ VKBw/image001.png Fachhochschulen Oberösterreich Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) •Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are defined as organic substances in the solid, liquid or gaseous state that, at normal temperature and pressure, enter the atmosphere in the form of vapor with a pressure greater than 0.13 kPa. • •Their sources include, in particular, adhesives, solvents, paints, coatings, and the like. • •VOCs include for example toluene, xylene, styrene, ethylbenzene, chlorinated hydrocarbons, phthalates and terpenes. C:\Users\21536\AppData\Local\Temp\7zOCBEF4013\interreg_Rakousko_Ceska_Republika_RGB.jpg https://www.email.cz/download/k/vPwBms0jPnQoTvgo0jFvvGwDhdh9Jlfl9rKdiuyzDRyHOOMId1HvJLvOPRBH2skc4uZ VKBw/image001.png Fachhochschulen Oberösterreich Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) •Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a group of more than 100 chemical compounds. •Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons form carbon and hydrogen, two or more benzene nuclei. They •Their characteristics include toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. •They have a strong ability to bind to solid sorbents or particles (dust) even in living organisms (bioaccumulation capacity). C:\Users\21536\AppData\Local\Temp\7zOCBEF4013\interreg_Rakousko_Ceska_Republika_RGB.jpg https://www.email.cz/download/k/vPwBms0jPnQoTvgo0jFvvGwDhdh9Jlfl9rKdiuyzDRyHOOMId1HvJLvOPRBH2skc4uZ VKBw/image001.png Fachhochschulen Oberösterreich