1. Buildings and Environment C:\Users\21536\AppData\Local\Temp\7zOCBEF4013\interreg_Rakousko_Ceska_Republika_RGB.jpg https://www.email.cz/download/k/vPwBms0jPnQoTvgo0jFvvGwDhdh9Jlfl9rKdiuyzDRyHOOMId1HvJLvOPRBH2skc4uZ VKBw/image001.png Fachhochschulen Oberösterreich Indoor Environment •The indoor environment is an environment without direct connection to the outdoor environment. • •The indoor environment of buildings can be divided into: •Residential environment •Work environment •Civic amenities •Other premises (Vehicles and other constructions, ...) C:\Users\21536\AppData\Local\Temp\7zOCBEF4013\interreg_Rakousko_Ceska_Republika_RGB.jpg https://www.email.cz/download/k/vPwBms0jPnQoTvgo0jFvvGwDhdh9Jlfl9rKdiuyzDRyHOOMId1HvJLvOPRBH2skc4uZ VKBw/image001.png Fachhochschulen Oberösterreich Sick Building Syndrome •In 1983, WHO defined these health problems such as Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). Today, it is already almost 85 %. •Sick Building Syndrome can be described as a group of more or less serious diseases and health problems that occur during a long stay in closed rooms. Common symptoms are: •Development of allergies •Asthma, repeated airway inflammation •Headache, eye irritation •Increased blood pressure, cholesterol •Cardiovascular diseases •Depression, neurosis, impaired immunity ... C:\Users\21536\AppData\Local\Temp\7zOCBEF4013\interreg_Rakousko_Ceska_Republika_RGB.jpg https://www.email.cz/download/k/vPwBms0jPnQoTvgo0jFvvGwDhdh9Jlfl9rKdiuyzDRyHOOMId1HvJLvOPRBH2skc4uZ VKBw/image001.png Fachhochschulen Oberösterreich Factors of the Indoor Environment •Factors affecting the quality of the indoor environment or the internal microclimate of buildings include: •Physical factors - temperature, humidity and air circulation, lighting, radiation, electromagnetic field, noise • •Chemical factors - inorganic substances, organic substances and fibrous materials • •Biological factors - bacteria, viruses, mites, molds, pollen, parts of plants, hair dust and domestic animal excrements C:\Users\21536\AppData\Local\Temp\7zOCBEF4013\interreg_Rakousko_Ceska_Republika_RGB.jpg https://www.email.cz/download/k/vPwBms0jPnQoTvgo0jFvvGwDhdh9Jlfl9rKdiuyzDRyHOOMId1HvJLvOPRBH2skc4uZ VKBw/image001.png Fachhochschulen Oberösterreich Microclimate •Microclimate is the climate of a very small or restricted area, especially when this differs from the climate of the surrounding area. • • The microclimate depends on the conditions prevailing in the area and its surroundings. • •Components of the indoor air environment of buildings intentionally created for human stay in confined spaces can generally be characterized as internal (indoor) microclimate. C:\Users\21536\AppData\Local\Temp\7zOCBEF4013\interreg_Rakousko_Ceska_Republika_RGB.jpg https://www.email.cz/download/k/vPwBms0jPnQoTvgo0jFvvGwDhdh9Jlfl9rKdiuyzDRyHOOMId1HvJLvOPRBH2skc4uZ VKBw/image001.png Fachhochschulen Oberösterreich Microclimate •Microclimatic parameters are affected: •External climatic conditions and air quality • •The way of ventilation and heating • •Heat load due to technology, quantity and activity of people, machines, devices and lighting • •Thermal-technical properties of the building C:\Users\21536\AppData\Local\Temp\7zOCBEF4013\interreg_Rakousko_Ceska_Republika_RGB.jpg https://www.email.cz/download/k/vPwBms0jPnQoTvgo0jFvvGwDhdh9Jlfl9rKdiuyzDRyHOOMId1HvJLvOPRBH2skc4uZ VKBw/image001.png Fachhochschulen Oberösterreich Mass Agens and Energy Agens •Agens are substances of a mass or energy nature acting on the subject: •Mass agens: toxic gaseous substances, solid aerosol, toxic gases, microbes, toxic liquids, liquid aerosol, odors, air movement, water vapor. •Energy agens: heat, light, UV radiation, laser radiation, ionizing radiation, ions in the air, static electricity, sound, vibration. •Pollutant is gaseous, liquid or solid chemical, which has a harmful effect on living organisms at certain concentrations and duration of action. C:\Users\21536\AppData\Local\Temp\7zOCBEF4013\interreg_Rakousko_Ceska_Republika_RGB.jpg https://www.email.cz/download/k/vPwBms0jPnQoTvgo0jFvvGwDhdh9Jlfl9rKdiuyzDRyHOOMId1HvJLvOPRBH2skc4uZ VKBw/image001.png Fachhochschulen Oberösterreich Components of Indoor Environment C:\Users\21536\AppData\Local\Temp\7zOCBEF4013\interreg_Rakousko_Ceska_Republika_RGB.jpg https://www.email.cz/download/k/vPwBms0jPnQoTvgo0jFvvGwDhdh9Jlfl9rKdiuyzDRyHOOMId1HvJLvOPRBH2skc4uZ VKBw/image001.png Fachhochschulen Oberösterreich •Thermal - humidity microclimate •Odor microclimate •Microbial microclimate •Light microclimate •Acoustic microclimate •Ionization microclimate • •Aerosol microclimate •Toxic microclimate •Electrostatic microclimate •Electromagnetic microclimate •Electro-ionic climate •Psychic microclimate • •The indoor environment is made up of a variety of different components: Sources of Pollution and Pollutants: C:\Users\21536\AppData\Local\Temp\7zOCBEF4013\interreg_Rakousko_Ceska_Republika_RGB.jpg https://www.email.cz/download/k/vPwBms0jPnQoTvgo0jFvvGwDhdh9Jlfl9rKdiuyzDRyHOOMId1HvJLvOPRBH2skc4uZ VKBw/image001.png Fachhochschulen Oberösterreich •Outdoor air: Carbon, nitrogen and sulfur oxides, ozone, solid particles, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, allergens (pollen) •Outdoor environment: Soil gas, water •Building: Formaldehyde, Benzene, Asbestos, Toluene, Solids, Volatile Organic Compounds •Electrical devices: Volatile organic substances •Garages: Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, solid particles, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons •Heating, hot water, cooking: carbon and nitrogen oxide, solid particles, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons •Activities in the building: Volatile organic substances, solid particles •People: Cigarette smoke, solid particles, volatile organic compounds, odors (biofeeds), (micro) biological contamination, allergens