3. Constructions Systems of Multi-Storey Buildings
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Basic Classification of Construction Systems of Multi-Storey Buildings
•According to the type of vertical load-bearing structures
•Wall construction system
•Column construction system (skeleton construction system)
•Combined construction system
•Core structures
•Superconstruction
•The construction system of multi-storey buildings is characterized by the predominance of vertical
load-bearing structures, transferring all loads to the foundation soil.
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Wall Construction System
•Longitudinal construction systém
•The load-bearing walls are arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis to form longitudinal tracts.
The ceiling structure is normally laid in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the
building.
•Transverse construction systém
•The load-bearing walls are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the building and form
transverse tracts. The ceiling construction is realized in the longitudinal direction.
•Two-way construction systém
•In the case of a two-way (bi-directional) construction system, the supporting walls are arranged
in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
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Column Construction System – Skeleton System
•Principle of the column system consists in separating the load-bearing function and the function
of cladding.
•According to the method of transferring the load, the column system is divided - Frame skeleton
system x Flat slab with column capital skeleton system x Flat slab skeleton system.
•The basic element of the frame skeleton is a frame made up of two columns and a beam:
•Longitudinal frames - the beams are parallel to the longitudinal axis.
•Transverse frames - the beams are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
•Two-way frames - The beams are positioned in the transverse and longitudinal directions.
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Combined Construction Systems
•Combined construction systems can be implemented in a number of variations:
•Combination of longitudinal wall system with inner column system
•Combination of transverse wall system with inner column system
•Combination of transverse and longitudinal walls with inner column system
•Combination of two-way (bidirectional) column system with inner core
•The combination of load-bearing walls and columns creates diverse spatial formations with high
stiffness and minimum weight
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Core Construcion System
•The core construction system transfers the load to the building foundation with a central stiff
core. The construction of individual floors of core systems can be carried:
•Primary lower horizontal supporting structure cantilevered overhang from the parterre core which
carries the secondary uprights upper floors.
•Primary upper support structure disposed in the core head, on which the ceilings of the lower
floors are suspended.
•Ceilings individually executed from the core into which all loads are transmitted directly.
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Superconstruction
•Superconstruction are two-stage building constructions that arise by concentrating loads into a
limited number of massive elements of the main (primary) supporting structure into which a
secondary (secondary) structure is inserted.
•The primary load-bearing structure is typically formed of a super-frame by which each floor having
a height corresponding to the height of several storeys inserted.
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