10. Vertical Load-Bearing Monolithic and Prefabricated Structures
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Monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete walls
•Concrete wall structural system is roughly 10 times more bearable compared to brick masonry
system.
•Monolithic concrete load-bearing walls are used mainly for civil buildings, for buildings of
diverse shapes and complicated floor plans, receding and overhanging structures, high-rise
buildings and buildings with high architectural demands.
•Formwork: partial x tunnel x sliding or drawn x built-in lost formwork
•Surface coating of monolithic walls is made by plastering or facing
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Monolithic reinforced concrete column structure
•Monolithic reinforced concrete column systems are solid structures made of columns, beams or heads
and ceiling structure.
•Monolithic reinforced concrete skeletons are made as:
•Frame skeleton system - the transverse direction, in the longitudinal direction or in the two-way
direction.
•Flat slab with column head skeleton system is used for objects loaded with large payloads,
complicated formwork.
•Flat slab skeleton systém - are used for objects with lower payloads. Their advantage is a flat
view.
•Expansion joints can be made in several ways: duplication of columns x duplication of supporting
beams x created by an inserted field.
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Prefabricated concrete reinforced concrete walls
•Blocks are wall element panels, their height is ½ to 1/3 of floor height, thickness 300 to 400
mm.
•Blocopanels are wall element of floor height and a width of 1200 to 1500 mm. The thickness of the
blockopanels is 250 - 400 mm.
•Wall panels typically have an area of 10 to 20 square meters. The height corresponds to the height
of the floors. Their usual is 150 mm.
•Internal load-bearing panels - thicknesses of 150 - 200 mm and in a length of multiple 300.
•The perimeter wall pane - the thermal insulation function
•The stiffening panels - provides stability prefabricated buildings. Their thickness varies from 80
to 100 mm
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Prefabricated reinforced concrete column structure
•Frame assembled skeleton is made up of supporting beam mounted on columns.
•Frames are formed by dividing the monolithic frame off its joints, at the sites of the smallest
bending moments
•Console columns and split beams are formed by separating the beam from the columns on which the
brackets remain.
•Columns with continuous beams are formed by dividing monolithic skeletons in the joint.
•During the development, more than 30 systems of prefabricated skeleton systems were built.
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