Cizí jazyk V Studijní opora Libuše Turínská 2017 České Budějovice 1. vydání © Vysoká škola technická a ekonomická v Českých Budějovicích, 2016 Vydala: Vysoká škola technická a ekonomická v Českých Budějovicích, Okružní 10, 370 01 České Budějovice Za obsahovou a jazykovou správnost odpovídají autoři a vedoucí příslušných kateder. SM29/2012-8 Cíl předmětu Cílem předmětu je upevnění vstupní úrovně studentů B2 dle Společného evropského referenčního rámce pro jazyky a jejich všestranná příprava na absolvování testů a získání mezinárodně uznávaného certifikátu dokládajícího danou úroveň. Účelem je důklade procvičit dovednosti týkající se mluveného a psaného projevu, poslechu a čtení s porozuměním. Výstupy z učení Po absolvování předmětu student dokáže porozumět hlavním myšlenkám složitých textů týkající se konkrétních i abstraktních témat včetně odborně zaměřených diskusí ve svém oboru. Je schopen se spontánně a plynule účastnit hovoru s rodilými mluvčími. Umí bez přípravy napsat srozumitelné, podrobné texty na širokou škálu témat, vysvětlit a obhájit svůj názor, je schopen vyhledávat informace v textech napsaných rodilými mluvčími, dokáže vyjmenovat výhody a nevýhody různých možností. Základní okruhy studia 1) Zábava; shrnutí přítomných slovesných časů. 2) Neformální mail; tvoření slov. 3) Filmový průzkum; přehled podmínkových vět. 4) Vyjádření pocitů, přídavná jména, příslovce. 5) Semiformální dopis a email; do vs make. 6) Riskování; slovesné vazby s předložkami. 7) Srovnávání; smíšená podmínka. 8) Vyprávění příběhů. Slovosled, otázky 9) Literatura; shrnutí minulých časů. 10) Jídlo, zdravý životní styl; vazba IT IS vs. THERE IS. 11) Tělo a zdraví; složená podstatná jména. 12) Cvičná zkouška B2 (čtení s porozuměním, písemný projev) 13) Cvičná zkouška B2 (poslech, mluvení) Povinná literatura (minimálně dvě knihy) • BURGESS, Sally, Jacky NEWBROOK a Judith WILSON. FCE Gold Plus: exam maximiser with key. Harlow: Longman, 2008, 158 s. ISBN 978-1-4058-7679-7. • MURPHY, Raymond. English grammar in use: a self-study reference and practice book for intermediate learners of English : with answers. 4th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012, x, 380 s. ISBN 978-0-521-18906-4. SM29/2012-8 . Cambridge preliminary English test extra: with answers. 1st pub. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006, 144 s. Cambridge books for Cambridge exams. ISBN 9780521676687 Studijní průvodce - Klíčové pojmy - Cíle kapitoly - Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly ĚSř - Výklad ? . • - Úkoly k zamyšlení a diskuzi - Klíč k řešení otázek - Studijní materiály SM29/2012-8 Kapitola 1: Zábava; shrnutí slovesných časů. Klíčové pojmy: Entertainment, free time, hobby, present simple and continuous Cíle kapitoly: ■ Prohloubení slovní zásoby na téma trávení volného času, stereotypy v anglicky mluvících zemích, ■ vysvětlení souvislostí, ■ zdroje informací a jejich vyhodnocení. Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 4 hodiny E> Výklad: Extreme Sports Extreme sports (also called action sports, aggro sports, an adventure sports) is a popular term for certain activities perceived as having a high level of danger. There are more than forty kinds of extreme sports. They gained popularity in the 1990s when it was picked up by marketing companies to promote the X Games ( The X Games is a sports event, controlled and arranged by the U.S., which focuses on extreme sports.) and the Extreme Sports Channel and Extreme.com launched. While use of the term "extreme sport" has spread far and wide to describe a multitude of different activities, exactly which sports are considered 'extreme' is debatable. There are, however, several characteristics common to most extreme sports. Extreme sports are considered to be the domain of the youth; however, they tend to have younger followers. Extreme sports tend to be more solitary than traditional sports. In addition, beginning extreme athletes tend to work on their craft without the guidance of a coach. In a traditional sporting event, athletes compete against each other under controlled circumstances. While it is possible to create a controlled sporting event, there are environmental variables that cannot be held constant for all athletes. Examples include changing snow conditions for snowboarders, rock and ice quality for climbers and wave height and shape for surfers. Whilst traditional sporting judgement criteria may be adopted when assessing performance (distance, time, score, etc.), extreme sports performers are often evaluated on more subjective SM29/2012-8 and aesthetic criteria. This results in a tendency to reject unified judging methods, with different sports employing their own ideals and indeed having the ability to evolve their assessment standards with new trends or developments in the sports. 9 • Cviceni 1. What is typical of extreme sports? 2. Who most often take up extreme sports? 3. Which sports are considered "extreme"? 0- Klíč k řešení otázek 1. they are taken up by young people, rather solitary, without the guidance of a coach 2. mostly young people 3. sports or activities involving certain level of danger Studijní materiály Adapted from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_sport siteen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_sport site I=> Výklad: Present tenses: Simple Present Form: Use the base form of a verb, adding an Is/ to the end of the verb if the subject is singular. (Unless the verb is irregular) Uses: Use 1: Actions that are habitual or routine EXAMPLES: The sun rises. I brush my teeth twice a day. Use 2: General, timeless facts EXAMPLES: Spiders make webs. Babies drink milk. Use 3: Narrative style (used when recalling past events or announcing things that are happening in the moment) SM29/2012-8 EXAMPLES: So I go to the store yesterday, and the clerk says "We're closed!" He hits the baseball out of the field and makes a home run! Use 4: The "real" present (things that are happening right now), but ONLY when the verb is stative. Stative verbs* deal with the way the subject is, instead of what the subject does. EXAMPLES: That car looks old. They think that's a bad idea. Present Continuous Form: The present tense of "to be" (am/is/are)+ verb + ing Uses: Use 1: The "real" present (things that are happening right now), for all verbs except stative verbs EXAMPLES: I am sitting down right now. He can't come to the phone because he is working. You can't see the children because they are hiding. Use 2: Temporary actions that may not be happening right now, but have not yet been completed EXAMPLES: I am taking an English course. The truck is being repaired. Plans are being made. • Cviceni 1. Compaq...........computers but it.............cars, (make, not make). 2. At the moment, the yen...........against the dollar, (fall) 3. Computers.........more and more popular these days, (become) 4. Everybody...........money. It is very important, (need) 5. This mild.............fresh (not taste) 6. This afternoon I.........my doctor about my skin problem (see) 7. How is your cold today? You.........a lot better than yesterday (sound) 8. She normally ......... all the Harry potter books, but right now I ........ she ........something else (read, think, read) 9. It is strange that people...........some movies so seriously (take) 10. What..........your dad.....for a living? (do) SM29/2012-8 Klíč k řešení otázek 1 makes, doesn't make, 2 is falling, 3 are becoming, 4 needs, 5 does not taste, 6 am seeing, 7 sound, 8 reads, think, is reading, 9 take, 10 does... do Studijní materiály https://magoosh.corn/toefl/2014/me-four-present-tenses-and-their-ten-uses/ http://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/tenses/present-simple-progressive6.htm SM29/2012-8 Kapitola 2: Neformální email; tvoření slov Klíčové pojmy: Formal and informal mail, word-formation suffixes Cíle kapitoly: Pravidla psaní neformálního mailu, závěrečné fráze, struktura mailu Tvoření slov pomocí přípon Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 4 hodiny I=> Výklad: Informal email Dear Nick, It was good to hear from you. Lucky you winning a flight to Europe and 500 pounds spending money! I've never won anything in my life! About your planned visit, it would be absolutely great to see you again but June wouldn't be the best time. I don't think the Principal of my school would let me have time off for a start, but more importantly I've got an important exam on June 14 and I really need to study hard. What about July? I'm on holiday then. Or even August. Of course you can stay at my house My parents would be very upset if you stayed at a hostel. They're always telling me to invite you over for a holiday. You can stay as long as you like. I'd love to travel round with you. There are loads of places I've never been to, even though it's my country. Anyway, write back soon and let me know what you think. Love, Sam. SM29/2012-8 9 • Cviceni 1. Choose expressions typical for an informal email: 2. Give equivalents typical of a formal email: 0- Klíč k řešení otázek 1. Key: addressing by first name, Lucky you, contracted forms (I've), What about?, loads of, anyway, love 2. Dear sir or madam, full forms (I have), would you mind if...? A lot of, yours sincerely or yours faithfully bis Študijní materiály SOARS, Liz and John SOARS, 2011. Headway Upper Intermediate: Student's Book. p. 110, OUP, ISBN 0-19-435800-3 Výklad: Typical word formation suffixes: Verbs: -ate, -en, -ify, -ise/ -ize: complicate, soften, verify, summarize Adjectives: -able, -ible, -al, -y, -en, -ful: sociable, edible, formal, noisy, golden, regretful Nouns: -age, -al, -ance, -dom, -ee, -er, -hood, -ism, -ist, -ity, -ment, -ness, -ship: postage, arrival, reliance, boredom, employee, driver, childhood, tourism, pianist, generosity, commitment, friendliness, friendship 9 • Cvičeni SM29/2012-8 1. Add the suitable suffix to form a personal noun (science Serve. Employ Address Read Guard Engine Library Drama Biology Fire Surgery 1. Complete the table. VERB ADJECTIVE NOUN analyse change intent fascination integrate sustainable tolerance speculate speed governing apply 1. Connect the adjectives below with appropriate negative prefixes.(believable, mature, responsible, literal, friendly, curable, legal, rational, advantageous, patient, accurate, legible, regular, perfect, honest) UN- DIS- IM- IR- IN- IL- . - scientist). SM29/2012-8 Klíč k řešení otázek 1. Add the suitable suffix to form a personal noun (science - scientist). Serve servant Employ employer,employee Address addresee Read reader Guard guardian Act actor, actress Engine engineer Library librarian Drama dramatist Biology biologist Fire fireman Surgery surgeon 2. Complete the table. VERB ADJECTIVE NOUN analyse analytic analyses change changeable, changing change intent intent intention fascinate fascinating, fascinated fascination integrate integral integration sustain sustainable sustainability tolerate tolerant tolerance speculate speculative speculation speed speedy speed govern governing government apply applying,applied applicant,application Studijní materiály https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/word-formation/suffixes SM29/2012-8 Kapitola 3: Filmový průzkum; shrnutí podmínkových vět tí Klíčové pojmy: Films, film industry, review, conditionals Cíle kapitoly: ■ Rozšíření slovní zásoby k tématu film a filmový průmysl, ■ Napsání filmové recenze ■ Shrnutí podmínkových vět, Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 4 hodiny E> Vyklad: Hollywood is a suburb of Los Angeles, in California. It used to be the capital of the world. The famous sign used to read "Hollywoodland" and it was an advertisement for some new houses. The sign we see today dates from 1978. It is four floors high and 120 metres long. American film makers went to California because of the good weather. By the 1920s, the large studios, such as Paramount, Warner Brothers and MGM made hundreds of silent films each year. They often used the same actors and locations to make two or three films at the same time. The films were silent so the producers often hired an orchestra to create the right mood for actors and actresses during filming. They were usually good- looking people without acting experience. The Italian Rudolf Valentino was a big star at this time. He moved to the USA as a teenager and he was a professional dancer in New York before he went to California to become a movie star. Valentino was Hollywood "Latin lover" and he made some very popular films. Sadly he died at the age of thirty-one. Charlie Chaplin was a great star of silent comedy films. He continued to make films after the arrival of sound. The "golden age" of Hollywood was from 1930 to 1948. The studios owned everything: the actors, the studios and the cinemas. They made many different types of films. Johnny Weismuller, an Olympic swimmer, appeared in the first "Tarzan" film in 1932, and in 1939 John Wayne made the famous western "Stagecoach". Most of these movies were black and white but in 1939 two very popular films appeared in technicolor - "The wizard of Oz" and "Gone with the wind". By the 1950s, television was becoming more and more popular and the Hollywood studios became less powerful. Today Paramount is the last important studios in Hollywood. However the Hollywood studios continue to make some very popular films, including "Titanic", the SM29/2012-8 most expensive film ever made. It won 11 Oscars including "Best picture" and it made over $1.8 billion dollars worldwide. Warner Brothers made all the Harry Potter series but both actors and locations were mostly British, on request of the best seller's author J.K.Rowling. Cvičení True or false? 1. Hollywood was the capital of California 2. The same locations were used for different films 3. Titanic won 11 Oscars 0- Klíč k řešení otázek Key: 1 F, 2 T, 3 T Studijní materiály http://busvteacher.org/24547-american-cinema-reading-comprehension.html I=> Výklad: Conditional sentence type Usage If clause verb tense Main clause verb tense Type 1 A possible condition and its Simple Simple future probable result present Type 2 A hypothetical condition and Simple past Present conditional or Present continuous SM29/2012-8 Conditional sentence type Usage If clause verb tense Main clause verb tense its probable result conditional Type 3 An unreal past condition and Past perfect Perfect conditional its probable result in the past 9 • Cviceni What would you do if you had more free time? (travel) If IT Zlmore free time, I \- Zla lot. Where would you spend your holiday provided that a sponsor paid for it? (in Provence) Provided that a sponsor \ Zlfor my holiday, I \ If you had not started this grammar course, what would you have done to improve your English? (go to Britain) _ If IT Hthis course, IE to improve my English. Where will you go at the weekend, if you aren't too busy? (go to see my friend) If 11 Jtoo busy next weekend, I If you found a stranger in your bedroom, how would you react? (scream) If I Ja stranger in my bedroom, I If you finish this test in fi If I fifteen minutes, what will you do? (have a drink) it soon, I - If you had not decided to study English, what language would you have chosen instead? (French)_ _ If 11 Jto study English, I instead. 0- Klíč k řešení otázek SM29/2012-8 1. If I had more free time, I would travel a lot. 2. Provided that a sponsor paid for my holiday, I would spend it in Provence. 3. Jf I hadn't started this course, I would have gone to Britain to improve my English. 4. If I am busy next weekend, I will go to see my friend. 5. If I found a stranger in my bedroom, I would scream. 6. If I finish it soon, I will have a drink. 7. If I hadn't decided to study English, I would have studied French instead. Studijní materiály http://www.ef.com/english-resources/english-grammar/conditional/ https://www.e-grammar.org/if-clauses/testl-exercise3/ SM29/2012-8 Kapitola 4: Pocity - přídavná jména, příslovce Klíčové pojmy: Feelings, adjectives, adverbs Cíle kapitoly: ■ Popis stavů mysli a pocitů - slovní zásoba ■ Přídavná jména s různým zakončením ■ příslovce Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 3 hodiny E> Výklad: Six Tips for Reading Emotions in Text Messages "How do you read emotions in text messages?" It's easy when people say they are angry or sad or excited, or if they tack an emoji to the end of a text. But when they don't? Given that even face-to-face communication can be confusing, text messages can result in disastrous misunderstandings. How do we know what a person is feeling when they don't tell us? Here are six tips to help you better detect emotions in text messages. 1. Assume good intentions In general, text messages are short. We have very little information to work with. A smiley face or series of exclamation points can help assure us that the text is meant to express positive emotion, but texts do not always include these extra emotion indicators. Keep in mind that texts are a difficult medium for communicating emotion. We have no facial expressions, or tone of voice, or conversation to give us more information. If the text doesn't say, "I'm angry," then don't assume that the texter is angry. We are better off reading texts with the assumption that the texter has good intentions. Otherwise, we may end up in lots of unnecessary arguments. 2. Don't assume you know how a person feels Text messages aren't just short. They're also incomplete. With text messages, we are pretty much guaranteed to be missing information. When we read a text, we can't help but try to fill in the gaps with the information we do have. We SM29/2012-8 automatically start thinking about how we would feel in the situation the texter is describing. Unfortunately, there are huge individual differences in how people feel in any given situation.The emotions that emerge in a given context are highly dependent on our unique perspectives and experiences, which makes it very difficult for us to guess how someone else is feeling. Always double-check with yourself to see if you are drawing conclusions based on some emotional information or if you are making assumptions based solely on the context the person is in. 3. Rely on theories of emotion Everyone has a theory of emotion, not just academics. In other words, we all have an idea about where emotions come from and what they mean. It might help to consciously explore your own assumptions about how emotions work. 4. Seek out more information If you used the first tips and are still unclear about what emotion is in a text, seek out more information. As an example: Bob writes you that his wife missed their 10-year anniversary. Without further information, most of us will automatically assume he is angry. What if you asked Bob to tell you more? Bob might tell you that his wife died, and that is why she missed their anniversary. Suddenly, we may be convinced that Bob is feeling more sadness than anger. The bottom line is that you should try to avoid guessing. You need to ask questions. • Cvičeni Questions on the text: 1. The text recommends the reader to be positive when trying to identify the writer's emotions. 2. The texts are often too short to express everything clearly. 3. Texts are good medium for sharing emotions. Klíč k řešení otázek Key: 1 T, 2 T, 3 F SM29/2012-8 Studijní materiály https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/six_tips_for_reading_emotions_in_text_m s l=> Vyklad: Adverbs of Time Adverbs of time tell us when an action happened, but also for how long, and how often. Examples • When: today, yesterday, later, now, last year • For how long: all day, not long, for a while, since last year • How often: sometimes, frequently, never, often, yearly "When" adverbs are usually placed at the end of the sentence: Examples • Goldilocks went to the Bears' house yesterday. • I'm going to tidy my room tomorrow. This is a "neutral" position, but some "when" adverbs can be put in other positions to give a different emphasis Compare: • Later Goldilocks ate some porridge, (the time is more important) • Goldilocks later ate some porridge, (this is more formal, like a policeman's report) • Goldilocks ate some porridge later, (this is neutral, no particular emphasis) "For how long" adverbs are usually placed at the end of the sentence: Examples • She stayed in the Bears' house all day. • My mother lived in France for a year. Notice: 'for' is always followed by an expression of duration: Examples • for three days, SM29/2012-8 • for a week, • for several years, • for two centuries. 'since' is always followed by an expression of a point in time: Examples • since Monday, • since 1997, • since the last war. "How often" adverbs expressing the frequency of an action are usually placed before the main verb but after auxiliary verbs (such as be, have, may, must): Examples • I often eat vegetarian food, (before the main verb) • He never drinks milk, (before the main verb) • You must always fasten your seat belt, (after the auxiliary must) • She is never sea-sick.(after the auxiliary is) • I have never forgotten my first kiss, (after the auxiliary have and before the main verb forgotten) Some other "how often" adverbs express the exact number of times an action happens and are usually placed at the end of the sentence: Examples • This magazine is published monthly. • He visits his mother once a week. When a frequency adverb is placed at the end of a sentence it is much stronger. Compare: • She regularly visits France. • She visits France regularly. Adverbs that can be used in these two positions: • frequently, • generally, • normally, • occasionally, • often, • regularly, • sometimes, SM29/2012-8 • usually 'Yet'and 'still' Yet is used in questions and in negative sentences, and is placed at the end of the sentence or after not. Examples • Have you finished your work yet? (= a simple request for information) No, not yet. (= simple negative answer) • They haven't met him yet. (= simple negative statement) • Haven't you finished yet? (= expressing slight surprise) Still expresses continuity; it is used in positive sentences and questions, and is placed before the main verb and after auxiliary verbs (such as be, have, might, will) Examples • I am still hungry. • She is still waiting for you • Are you still here? • Do you still work for the BBC? ORDER OF ADVERBS OF TIME If you need to use more than one adverb of time at the end of a sentence, use them in this order: 'how long' 'how often' 'when' (think of 'low') Example: 1 + 2:1 work (I) for five hours (2) every day 2 + 3 : The magazine was published (2) weekly (3) last year. 1 + 3:1 was abroad (I) for two months (3) last year. 1 + 2 + 3 : She worked in a hospital (I) for two days (2) every week (3) last year. 9 • Cviceni Fill in always, recently, eventually, already, currently, sometimes and usually in the sentences below. Some of the expressions may be used more than once. SM29/2012-8 1. They've.................wanted to travel all over the world. 2. Peter and Sarah...............go dancing quite regularly, almost every Wednesday. 3. The examination period has finished...................... 4. Sue's neighbours are.....................arguing about something. She's really fed up with the noise they make. 5. The weather is ................up and down................. it's sunny,..........................it's cloudy. 6...................she managed to find the file she had been looking for whole afternoon. 7. A: Have you paid the franchise fee yet? B: Of course, I've.........done it. Klíč k řešení otázek 1) They have always wanted to travel all over the world. 2) Peter and Sarah usually go dancing almost every Wednesday. 3) The examination period has finished recently. 4) Sue's neighbours are always arguing about something. She is really fed up with the noise they make. 1. The weather is currently up and down. Sometimes it is sunny, sometimes it is cloudy. 2. Eventually she managed to find the file she had been looking for whole afternoon. 3. A: Have you paid the franchise fee yet? B: Of course, I've already done it. Studijní materiály http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/adverbs time.php http://www.usingenglish.com/handouts/answers.php?id=66 SM29/2012-8 Kapitola 5: Semiformální dopis; do vs. make Klíčové pojmy: Writing, phrases, do and make Cíle kapitoly: Nácvik poloformálního písemného projevu Slovesné vazby se slovesem DO Slovesné vazby se slovesem MAKE Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 3 hodiny E> Výklad: Big Brother is Reading Your Emails Emails - so easy, but so dangerous. First of all, how do you write one? Short, like a note or a message? - but that can seem a bit familiar or even impolite. Start "Dear X" - like a letter? -but that seems a bit formal and long-winded. Because of their speed, emails seem to expect informality, brevity and wit. But you must be careful. Emails are also a trap. They combine the informality of the spoken word with the legal force of the written word. And unlike real documents you can never really get rid of them. They are always there somewhere in the computer. Increasingly often, they're appearing in court. Cases of divorce, sexual harassment and unfair dismissal have all been decided recently on the evidence of emails that people had written, but not really thought about. One problem is that a joke doesn't always work in an email. People don't always get it. you can put one of thee J to make sure that people realise something's a joke. Or if it's a rude joke put;-) But, unless they know you very well, people are just as likely to find it offensive or stupid as they are to find it funny. Many British companies now have a clear and open policy of monitoring emails. For them it is a direct way to try and avoid claims of sexism, racism and unfair dismissal. For the individual this may seem like an invasion of privacy - but don't be too critical. Admittedly, the policy is there to keep the company out of court, but if it stops you making a fool of SM29/2012-8 yourself as well, it can't be too bad. 9 • Cvičení True or false? 1. There are no rules about how to write emails. 2. Emails are a good way of sending jokes. 3. Many British companies now monitor employees' emails. 0-" Klíč k řešení otázek Key: IT, 2F, 3T rid Studijní materiály MacANDREW, Richard, 2003. Instant Discussions. London, Helbling languages, UK. s.6. ISBN: 9780759396302 I=> Vyklad: Do and Make When 'do' or 'make' are used as main verbs it can be confusing to ESL learners. The verb 'make' goes with some words and the verb 'do' with other words. Do We use the verb 'do' when someone performs an action, activity or task. do a crossword do the ironing do the laundry do the washing do the washing up SM29/2012-8 'Do' is often used when referring to work of any kind. do your work do homework do housework do yourjob !Note - these activities do not usually produce a physical object. 'Do' for General Ideas Use the verb 'do' when speaking about things in general. In other words, to describe an action without saying exactly what the action is. This form is often used with the words 'something, nothing, anything, everything, etc' I'm not doing anything today. He does everything for his mother. She's doing nothing. Important Expressions with 'Do' There are a number of standard expressions that take the verb 'do'. The best solution is to try to learn them. do badly do business do the dishes do a favour do good do harm do time - (to go to prison) do well do your best do your hair do your nails do your worst Make We use the verb 'make' for constructing, building or creating make a dress make food make a cup of tea / coffee SM29/2012-8 'Make' is often used when referring to preparing food of any kind. make a meal - breakfast / lunch / dinner !Note - these activities usually create something that you can touch. Important Expressions with 'Make' There are a number of standard expressions that take the verb 'make'. The best solution is to try to learn them. make amends make arrangements make believe - (to pretend) make a choice make a comment make a decision make a difference make an effort make an enquiry make an excuse make a fool of yourself make a fortune make friends make a fuss make a journey make love make a mess make a mistake make money make a move make a noise make a payment make a phone call make a plan make a point make a profit make a promise make a remark SM29/2012-8 make a sound make a speech make a suggestion make time make a visit make your bed - (to prepare the bed for sleeping in) 9 • Cviceni 1. I...........the shopping every Friday afternoon. 2. Please can you........a reservation for me? 3. She doesn't.........much money. 4. Nobody helps my mother to......the housework. 5. Will you........me a favor? Help me carry this table. 6. Let's.......the appointment for 10:00 in the morning. 7. Try not to...........any grammar mistakes in your writing. 8. Oh, dear! There is so much laundry to............ 9. She always........the dishes late at night. 10. I'll............ spaghetti for diner. Do you like it? Klíč k řešení otázek 1 do, 2 make, 3 make, 4 do, 5 do, 6 make, 7 make, 8 do, 9 does, 10 make bid Studijní materiály http ://w w w. learnen glish. de/grammar/doormake. html SM29/2012-8 Kapitola 6: Riskování; slovesné vazby s předložkami Klíčové pojmy: Risk, hazard, verb, preposition Cíle kapitoly: ■ Osvojení si slovní zásoby na téma risk ■ Fráze vyjadřující vlastní názor ■ Porovnávání pozitiv a negativ dvou jevů ■ Předložkové vazby se slovesy Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 5 hodin &■ Výklad: Falling for fun Would you pay lots of money to fall 40 metres, held only by an elastic cord around your waist or ankles? Damon Hill hopes to win his 20th Formula I race net week. It may sound crazy but lots of people do it. Bungee jumping, as it is called, is becoming more and more popular. Bungee jumping started in New Zealand in the 1970s. Thousands flocked into the stadium to see Carl Lewis compete against Ben Johnson. People attached thick elastic cords, called bungees, to their bodies. They jumped off bridges or buildings, fell fast though the air, then bounced back up and down a few times until they stopped. Willie Mays hit the ball as hard as he could. Jumping is usually done in a car park and people jump from a platform at the top of a crane. You can have bungees tied to your waist or ankles. There's a large air cushion at the bottom that is supposed to "catch" you if the bungees break or if something goes very wrong. One happy customer says, "Just for a second you feel like you're going to die. It's amazing." But there are many customers who are not so happy. More DVD players have been sold in Europe in the first months than in the last two years but CD players are still in strong demand. In fact, more than a dozen people died in bungee jumping accidents in 1998 in the USA and Canada. 100 people died when an aeroplane crashed near Topeka last night. So some SM29/2012-8 countries have stopped people bungee umping and many US states have also passed laws to make the bungee jumping business safer. Despite the dangers of bungee jumping, people still line up and pay lots of money to experience the thrill. One couple even ended their wedding night by bungee jumping together in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Said the groom, "When I'm flying through the air holding her in my arms and knowing she trusts me 100 %, that is what love is all about." • Cviceni Questions: 1. Have you been in the midst of danger before? 2. What kinds of people in your community have occupations related to danger? 3. What was the most dangerous thing that you have done? eis Studijní materiály HAINES, Simon a Barbara STEWARD, 2004. First Certificate Masterclass: Student's Book. OUP 2004, ISBN 0-19-438625-2 0- Klíč k řešení otázek Vzorové odpovědi: 1. No, I haven't. 2. Mostly young people 3. I tried bungee jumping once. SM29/2012-8 1=) Výklad: Slovesné vazby s předložkami Some verbs are always followed by the same preposition, consist of Our company consist of several experts. benefit from Everybody can benefit from useful work. result in Our work resulted in great success. believe in / believe in your abilities. refer to / usually refer to my tutor. succeed in If you study hard you can succeed in your professional life. depend on My opinion depends on my knowledge of subject. belong to This book belongs to my supervisor. report to somebody on something / have to report some difficulties on project. apply to (somebody) for (something) / would like to apply to your company for job. approve of / want to approve of this document When a preposition is followed by a verb it always takes the 'ing' form. We were concentrated on making progress. Transitive verbs are action verbs that have an object to receive that action. In the first sentence below, the direct object ball received the action of the verb hit. The batter hit the ball. More examples: / rode the bicycle. I raised my hand against it. I have to reduce my weight. I hope they will increase my salary. Our goods have dropped in prices. The prices of coffee have increased as a result of the bad weather conditions. Intransitive verbs are action verbs but unlike transitive verbs, the do not have an object receiving the action. Notice there are no words after the verb sang. The bird sang. The book fell. SM29/2012-8 Our prices have dropped considerably. The prices of coffee have increased. • Cvičení: Complete the sentences with a verb or preposition. Who does this laptop...............to? It's my colleague's. Every month I have to report.............the manager..........the sales figures. Mary is so intelligent. Why doesn't she..................in her abilities at all? The project has.....................in great success. He definitely should apply............the job immediately. Our task is to.........................on finishing the project. I don't........................of my colleague's behavior. She was very impolite yesterday. 0~" Klíč k řešení otázek Who does this laptop BELONG to? It's my colleague's. Every month I have to report TO the manager ON the sales figures. Mary is so intelligent. Why doesn't she BELIEVE in her abilities at all? The project has RESULTED in great success. He definitely should apply FOR the job immediately. Our task is to CONCENTRATE on finishing the project. I don't APPROVE of my colleague's behavior. She was very impolite yesterday. Studijní materiály http://www.kl2reader.com/transitive-and-intransitive-verbs/ SM29/2012-8 Kapitola 7: Srovnávání; mixed and zero conditional Klíčové pojmy: Comparing, less than, more than, mixed and zero conditonal Cíle kapitoly: ■ Vyjadřování vyšší či nižší míry vlastností ■ Srovnání dvou jevů v jazykovém projevu psaném i mluveném ■ Nulová podmínka, osvojení si pravidel pro tzv. „zero conditional* ■ Smíšená podmínka Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 5 hodin E> Výklad: Living in the country is something that people from the city often dream about. However, in reality, it has both its advantages and disadvantages. There are certainly many advantages to living in the country. First of all, you can enjoy peace and quiet. Furthermore, people tend to be friendlier and more open. A further advantage is that there is less traffic, so it is safer for young children. On the other hand, there are certain drawbacks to life outside the city. Firstly, because there are fewer people, you are likely to have fewer fiends. In addition, entertainment is difficult to find, particularly in the evening. Furthermore, the fact that there are fewer shops and services means that it is harder to find work. As a result, you may have to travel a long way to work, which can be extremely expensive. In conclusion, it can be seen that living in the country is more convenient for some people than for the others. It is often the best place for those who are retired or who have young children. Young, single people who have a career are better provided for in the city. 9 • Cvičení: Think of possible answers: 1. Does life get more complicated the older you become? SM29/2012-8 2. Is the world safer now than it was before 9-11? 3. Will tomorrow be more interesting than yesterday? bid Studijní materiály JONES, Leo, 1997. New progress to first certificate, Student's book. CUP, 1997. ISBN 0 521-49985-2 E> Vyklad: Mixed and zero conditional: Zero conditional: Made with two present tenses • If + present simple, .... present simple • If people eat too much, they get fat. does not refer to future Used for expressing general ideas IF can be replaced by WHEN without changes in meaning • If water reachers 100 degrees, it boils • If you touch a fire, you get burnt. Mixed conditional Consists in mixing second and third type of conditional sentences Two types: a) the cause is in the past, result in the present If I had stayed at home (THEN), I would be OK (NOW), b) condition in the present, result in the past. If I wasn't so lazy (BUT I AM NOW), I would have helped him (BACK THEN) 9 • Cvičení: Mixed conditional SM29/2012-8 1. If I .............. (not have) this homework to do, I would have gone out with my friends. 2. She............ (not go) by train if she could drive. 3. They............(go) for a walk if it wasn't raining. 4. If I.............(be) him, I wouldn't have quit my job, as he did. 5. If they...........(not eat) so much, they wouldn't be sick now. ii. Zero conditional 1. If you..........(mix) water and electricity, you..........(get) a shock. 2. If people...........(eat) too many sweets, they...........(get) fat. 3. If you............(smoke) you...........(get) yellow fingers. 4. If children.........(play) outside, they............(not get) overweight. 5. If you...........(heat) ice, it..........(melt) 0- Klíč k řešení otázek i. 1 didn't have, 2 wouldn't have gone, 3 would have gone, 4 were, 5 hadn't eaten ii. 1 mix, get, 2 eat, get, 3 smoke, get, 4 play, don't get, 5 heat, melt bl^J Studijní materiály http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/zero-conditional.html https://www.helpforenglish.cz/article/2007051002-smisene-kondicionaly-mixed-conditionals SM29/2012-8 Kapitola 8: Vyprávění příběhů; pořádek slov ve větě oznamovací a otázce. Klíčové pojmy: Storytelling, structure, word order, SVOMPT Cíle kapitoly: ■ Vytváření osnovy pro vyprávění příběhů, respektování časové souslednosti ■ Upevnění si pravidel pro pořádek slov ve větě oznamovací ■ Procvičení slovosledu Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 3 hodin I'll never forget the night our car broke down. We were on our way home from a marvellous evening out with friends. It was well after midnight and we were still miles from home. We tried to get the engine started again, but in vain. There was no traffic on the road at all, so we couldn't get a lift and had to walk all the way home. To make matters worse it started to rain and by the time we arrived we were wet though. But worse was yet to come! It was then that we discovered that we'd left our front door key in the car. We had no choice but to break a window and climb in. Unfortunately, just as we were doing this, a police car stopped in the road. At first, of course, the policeman didn't believe our story and wanted to take us to the police station, but in the end we convinced him that we were tell the truth. By the time we got to bed it was past three o'clock and we were cold, wet, miserable and absolutely exhausted. l=> Výklad: • Cvičení: i The writer spent a boring evening with his friends. The policeman thought they were trying to steal the car. They forgot the key at their friends'. 2 3 SM29/2012-8 Klíč k řešení otázek 1F, 2T, 3F bid Studijní materiály JONES, Leo, 1997. New progress to first certificate, Student's book. CUP, 1997. s. 76. ISBN 0- 521-49985-2 Vyklad: Word order in declarative statements and questions: English has strict rules about the order in which words can appear in a sentence. Study the rules below: Verb + object: in a sentence, the verb and the object usually go together: I found my keys. I never meet my friends during the week. Can you see me now? Place + time we usually put place and time together after the object: I found my keys at work this morning. I'm staying at home tonight. I've never been to Russia during winter. X We can also put time at the beginning of the sentence: Tonight I'm staying at home. Indirect object with"to" We usually put the direct object before the indirect object with "to" I object without "to" I sent the email to her this morning. We usually put the direct object after an indirect object without "to". I sent her the email. • Cvičení: Complete each sentence from the parts: 1.1 (have lived / for 5 years / here). I have lived here for 5 years. 2. (English / have been learning / for a year / in Japan). They............................................... 3. (on Saturday / Andrew / invite / to your party)? SM29/2012-8 Are you going to.............. ..........? 4. (to work / yesterday / didn't go). Debbie...................... 5. (a new laptop / bought / at the computer store / last week). I............................................... 6. (every day / your Facebook profile / check)? Do you......................................... ..........? 7. (on Friday / the children / took / to the amusement park). We............................................ 8. (the same pair of jeans / has been wearing / for years). Nick......................................... 9. (at the moment / a new cinema / in my town / are building). They............................................. 0- Klíč k řešení otázek 2 They have been learning English for a year in Japan. 3 Are you going to invite Andrew to your party on Saturday? 4 Debbie didn't go to work yesterday. 5 I bought a new laptop at the computer store last week. 6 Do you check your Facebook profile every day? 7 We took the children to the amusement park on Friday. 8 Nick has been wearing the same pair of jeans for years. 9 They are building a new cinema in my town at the moment. ad Studijní materiály http ://home.pef.czu.cz/~melezinkova/BA%2016-17/Archiv%201516/1 st%20year/E AP%20-%20Edmond%20Grady/4th/Word%20order%201 .pdf SM29/2012-8 Kapitola 9: Literatura; shrnutí minulých časů Klíčové pojmy: Literature, reading, past tenses, auxiliary verb Cíle kapitoly: ■ Rozšíření slovní zásoby na téma literature ■ Schopnost vyprávět obsah čtené knihy, její zhodnocení ■ Přehled minulých časů a pravidel pro jejich použití Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 5 hodin 1=) Výklad: Stranger than fiction Stephen King is a very famous author today ... 1..... it was not always that way. He had to work hard to become successful, ...2.....most writers. Until he began to make money from his writing, he worked in a laundry and then later ...3... a teacher. Although his stories are full of strange characters and terrifying events, at the same time they ...A.... to be very realistic to most readers. A few years ago, King himself was involved ... 5.... a terrible accident. He was walking along a country road ...6.... he saw a car coming towards him. It was moving dangerously from one side of the road to the other almost ...1... if there was no one driving it. In fact, there was a driver but he was drunk. Although King tried ... 8.....hard as he could get out of the way, the car hit him. The driver was not hurt but behaved as ... 9.....he didn't care at all. King said later that he felt just ... 10...... a victim in one of his hovels. The man even looked ...11.... someone King had once written about. It took Stephen King ... 12.......than a year to recover from the accident and even things he had always loved doing ... 13......writing, were almost impossible for him. • Cvičení: Complete the text with suitable words SM29/2012-8 Klíč k řešení otázek 1 but, 2 like, 3 as, 4 seem, 5 in, 6 when, 7 as, 8 to escape, 9 if, 10 like, 11 like, 12 more, 13 like Studijní materiály BURGESS, Sally, Jacky NEWBROOK a Judy WILSON, 2008. FCE Gold Plus. Exam Maximiser with key and audio CD. Pearson, s.160. s27. ISBN 978-1-405-87679 E> Výklad: Past tenses Past simple Past progressi ve Past perfect simple Past perfect progressi ve Present perfect Present perfect progressive Sign al word s • Last • Ago • In 20140 • yesterday while Just, yet, never, ever, already, so far, up to now, since, for, recently • All day • The whole day • How long • Since • For form Regular infinitive + ed Was, were + infinitive + ing Had + past participl e Had been + ing. Have/ has + past participle Have/ has been + -ing Use Action finished in the past Action was in progress at special time in the past Past equivale nt of present perfect How long somethin g had been happenin g before somethin g else • Result of an action in the past is importan t in the present • Recently complete Acton beginning in the past and still continuing (focus in on the action) SM29/2012-8 happene d d action State beginnin g I the past and still continui __g_ 9 • Cvičeni: 1. A plumber (come) 2. He (want) few days before. 3. Before he (ring) for about ten minutes. 4. While the plumber (repair) (watch) to our house yesterday, to repair our washing machine that (break) -1 J at my door, he (look) J a for a parking space the washing machine, I the news. 5. Suddenly, I (realise) 6. The reporter (say) before reaching the crossroads. 7. While I (listen) (knock) that they (show) that a car (crash) our street on TV. into a stop sign just carefully to what (happen) J, someone 8. I(open) 9. He (ask) 10. As it (turn) (roll) at my door, the door and (see) for the plumber. out, it (be) down the street. 11. In his haste, the plumber (forget) a police officer standing there, our plumber's car that to put the handbrake on. 0- Klíč k řešení otázek 1 came, 2 wanted, had broken, 3 rang, had been looking, 4 was repairing, was watching, 5 realised, were showing, 6 said, had crashed, 7 was listening, had happened, knocked, 8 opened, saw, 9 asked, 10 turned out, was, had rolled, 11 had forgotten SM29/2012-8 Studijní materiály https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/past tenses contrasted.htm https://english.lingolia.com/en/grammar/tenses-comparison/past-tenses/exercises/articles/past- tenses-mixed-exercise SM29/2012-8 Kapitola 10 Jídlo, zdravý životní styl; vazba IT IS vs. THERE IS 4í Klíčové pojmy: Food, healthy lifestyle, there is, there are, using it is Cíle kapitoly: ■ Rozšíření slovní zásoby na téma food and eating ■ Popsání zásad zdravého životního stylu ■ Rozdíl v použití vazeb there is vs. it is Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 5 hodin l=> Výklad: TAICHI A couple of years ....1..., a friend from college asked me if I ....2.... like to come along to a Tai Chi class with her. I had ... 3...... people doing Tai Chi, but I didn't know much about it so I decided to look it ..A...... on the Internet. I found out that Tai Chi involves one hundred and eight movements that ......5... used to develop flexibility and good health. It has been practised in China .. .6...... hundreds of years and is now becoming popular .. .7.....over the world. There are several different schools of Tai Chi, but ...8..... all follow the same basic principles. The movements are made very slowly and gracefully. Tai Chi can, ...9.....fact, be used as a martial art if the person moves 10...... quickly, but most people do it just to ......11.. fit. In China and elsewhere, people meet... 12.....parks and public squares to do Tai Chi together, so it's also a great way of meeting people and getting some fresh air. Learning the movements can ... 13...... quite a long time, but it's much easier to remember them if you practise in a group. SM29/2012-8 9 • Cvičeni: Complete the text with suitable words. O-" Klíč k řešení otázek 1 ago, 2 would, 3 known, 4 up, 5 are, 6 for, 7 all, 8 almost, 9 in, 10 more, 11 be, 12 in, 13 take SB Študijní materiály BURGESS, Sally, Jacky NEWBROOK a Judy WILSON, 2008. FCE Gold Plus. Exam Maximiser with key and audio CD. Pearson, s.160. s. 81. ISBN 978-1-405-87679 I=> Vyklad: There is (There's) vs. It is (It's) 1. There is (there's): - it is used to introduce the subject in sentences with the verb TO BE - subject is BEHIND to be: There is someone at the door. There is a church in the town. 2. It is (it's) - personal pronoun IT is the subject in the sentence - subject followed by the verb TO BE It is old. It is time to go. Difference: It's another meeting (this one is different from the previous one) X There is another meeting (in this room there has already been one meeting; now there is another one) SM29/2012-8 It is = saying WHAT it is There is = saying where it is Common mistakes: It's a lot of noiso in this room. C: There is a lot of noise in this room. It's some milk in the fridge. C: There is a lot of noise in this room. Cvičení: Complete these conversations using IT or THERE: 4. A: Tommy,........'s after ten o'clock........'s time you went to bed. B: Can I stay up a bit longer?..........'s a really good movie on TV. 5. A:........'s so hot outside! I'm really thirsty. Is.........anything to drink? B: Yes,........'s some orange juice in the fridge. 6. A: Is........hard to learn to roller-blade? B: No,.......'s easy as long as you've got a good sense of balance. 7. A: Ela thinks you are angry with her. B:........ s no reason for her to think that at all. 8. A: Do you like living here? B: Yes, but.......has been quite difficult for me to learn Spanish. 0- Klíč k řešení otázek Key: 1 it, it, there, 2 it, there, there, 3 it, it, 4 there, 5 it bis Študijní materiály BURGESS, Sally, Jacky NEWBROOK a Judy WILSON, 2008. FCE Gold Plus. Exam Maximiser with key and audio CD. Pearson, s.160. s. 79. ISBN 978-1-405-87679 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/there_is_it_is.htm SM29/2012-8 Kapitola 11: Tělo a zdraví; složená podstatná jména. Klíčové pojmy: Body, health, diseases, nouns, compound nouns Cíle kapitoly: ■ Rozšíření si základní slovní zásoby na téma zdraví ■ Popis lidského těla - slovní zásoba ■ Tvoření složených podstatných jmen, pravidla pro shodu Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 5 hodin 1=) Výklad: Flu vaccine is usually only give to people who are especially at risk because of their health and to people who cannot miss work, like nurses, doctors, firemen or policemen. These people may be offered flu vaccination once a year, generally in the autumn before winter epidemics. But even vaccination cannot give complete protection against flu. Remember: Keep flu to yourself. Stay away from other people. Make sure handkerchief and also plates, knives, forks etc., are always well washed. Look after yourself by resting in bed and having lots of cool drinks. There's no need for the doctor unless the flu persists for more than a few days or gets suddenly worse. There's no quick cure. Flu - influenza - is caused by a virus. And viruses can't be killed with antibiotics. Only the body's own defence system can get rid of them. If a bout of flu lasts, which may be anything from 24 hours to several days, stay indoors, keep war and keep away from other people so you don't pass on the infection. Have plenty of cool drinks - about 2-3 litres a day. If you feel shivery or feverish, with a temperature over 38 C or aches or pains, try taking soluble aspirin every 4 hours. And rest in bed if you can. If you are elderly and in poor health, or if you suffer from a severe chest condition like bronchitis or asthma, then flu can become a more serious illness. So remember: When there's flu about, try to avoid crowded places and keep away from anyone who's got flu. If you think you've caught flu, get in touch with your doctor. Then he can at least keep an eye on you. In SM29/2012-8 the autumn, ask your doctor if he thinks you should be vaccinated against flu. 9 • Cvičeni: Questions: What kinds of junk food do you eat? What's your opinion to blood donation? Would you consider donating your organs after your death? bis Studijní materiály JONES, Leo, 1997. New progress to first certificate, Student's book. CUP, 1997. s.84. ISBN 0- 521-49985-2 1=) Vyklad: Compound nouns Grammar: Compound nouns A compound noun is a noun that is made up of two or more words. Most compound nouns in English are formed by nouns modified by other nouns or adjectives. For example: The words tooth and paste are each nouns in their own right, but if you join them together they form a new word - toothpaste. The word black is an adjective and board is a noun, but if you join them together they form a new word - blackboard. In both these example the first word modifies or describes the second word, telling us what kind of object or person it is, or what its purpose is. And the second part identifies the object or person in question. Compound nouns can also be formed using the following combinations of words: SM29/2012-8 noun + noun toothpaste adjective + noun monthly ticket verb + noun swimming pool preposition + noun underground noun + verb haircut Noun + preposition hanger on adjective + verb dry-cleaning preposition + verb output The two parts may be written in a number of ways: 1. Sometimes the two words are joined together. Example: tooth + paste = toothpaste | bed + room = bedroom 2. Sometimes they are joined using a hyphen. Example: check-in 3. Sometimes they appear as two separate words. Example: full moon 9 Cvičení: a) Choose the word that makes each of these nouns into a compound noun. 1. Fund_(A - driver, B - seat, C - raiser) 2. News_(A- paper, B - story, C - travels) 3. Sun_(A-day, B - glasses, C - heat) 4. Child_(A - hood, B - ren, C - play) 5. Door_(A- frame, B - handle, C - way) b) Fill in the blanks to complete each compound noun, or with the one-word compound noun that fits best. 1. Prevent a heart__by eating properly and getting enough exercise. (A - stroke, B -attack, C - murmur) 2. Do you prefer peppermint or cinnamon flavored _? (A- cookies, B - toothpaste, C - applesauce) SM29/2012-8 3. The full_looked enormous as it rose over the horizon. (A - moon, B - sun, C -sunset) 4. I'm going to the barber for a_. (A - trim, B - new style, C - haircut) 5. They're digging a new swimming_in the park. (A - suit, B - pool, C - game) 6. I'd love to learn to pilot an_(A-boat, B - airplane, C - submarine) 7. One reason donuts are fattening is that they're fried in cooking_. (A - oil, B - sugar, C -pans) 8. Sherrie is upset because she lost an _. (A - input, B - earring, C - friendship) 9. We put a_in the garden to chase birds away.(A - runway, B - sunshade, C -scarecrow) 10. I've got to pick up a package at the post_. (A - man, B - office, C - book) O"*- Klíč k řešení otázek a) 1C,2A, 3 B, 4 A, 5 C b) 1 B, 2 B, 3 A, 4 C, 5 B, 6 B, 7 A, 8 B, 9 C, 10 B Studijní materiály http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/nouncompound.html http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/nouns/compound-nouns/ SM29/2012-8 Kapitola 12: Cvičná zkouška B2. Čtení s porozuměním; psaní. Klíčové pojmy: Writing, language skills, B2, reading comprehension ^W^Cíle kapitoly: - nácvik strategií používaných pro čtení s porozuměním - zásady písemného projevu - vyhledávání gramatických chyb v textu; korektura textu X Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 5 hodin Výklad: A World War II Message Found Last month, David Martin, a car mechanic from southern England, found the skeleton of a homing pigeon with a message in the chimney while he was renovating his house. During World War II (WWII), pigeons like this one were taken to the Nazi-occupied territories in France and sent back to Britain with messages from the British Army. Historians believe that this pigeon began its journey in France in June 1944 and never arrived to deliver its message. The pigeon either got lost in the bad English weather or was tired after its trip across the Channel and ended up falling down the chimney. The message that was found by David Martin next to the pigeon was certainly secret because it was written in a strange code. Now historians are trying to understand the message and find out whether it could possibly have changed history. 9 • Cvičení: SM29/2012-8 What does the article say about the discovered top secret message? A) It was lost in France during WWII. B) Historians discovered it in a chimney. C) The Nazis sent it to Great Britain during WWII. D) Scientists are unable to read its meaning at present. 0- Klíč k řešení otázek B Visit Angkor Wat Siem Reap is a small town near the world famous temple of Angkor Wat. The town is charming and worth exploring, with some fine examples of Khmer and French colonial architecture set among the more modern developments. Nowadays, visitors are flocking in, using it as a base for visits to the nearby temples. A Carved City From the 9th to the 14th centuries, when Europe was still struggling out of the Dark Ages, the Cambodian Empire of Angkor covered most of present-day Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, and Thailand. The heart of this empire during the 12th century was the ancient capital of Angkor Thorn, near present day Siem Reap, the site of the world's largest temple complexes, which were rediscovered in 1861.This spectacular city was built over 30 years under the reign of King Suryavarman II (1113-1150). The area covers about 400 square kilometres and is full of the finest examples of Khmer art and architecture. Tourists are always amazed at the scale of the place. In Angkor Wat you will find more than 100 stone monuments and temple buildings, each of which contains countless statues, sculptures and reliefs that have weathered extremely little over the last 800 years. To see the whole thing can take several days. The most important temples to visit in the area are Angkor Wat, especially at sunrise or sunset; Angkor Thorn, the remains of the capital; Ta Prohm, a palace overgrown by jungle; and Bayon. SM29/2012-8 Getting a visa Visas are required to enter Cambodia. You can obtain one on arrival at Siem Reap International Airport for $20, and 1 passport photo is required per person. You will also need another passport photo for the Angkor Temple Entrance Pass. Please ensure you take comfortable walking shoes, light clothing and plenty of water to drink as it is very hot there. The most commonly accepted currency in Cambodia is the US dollar. • Cviceni: Comprehension questions - True/ false exercise : 1. Most people visit Siem Reap because of the temples in the area. 2. In the 9th to the 14th centuries, Europe was more advanced than Cambodia. 3. Angkor Wat was the capital of the Cambodian empire. 4. It took many decades to build the capital. 5. The stonework of Angkor Wat is in poor condition today. 6. It'll take a couple of days to see everything. 7. Dawn and dusk are particularly good times to visit Angkor Wat. 8. You must get a visa before flying to Siem Reap. 0- Klíč k řešení otázek 1 T, 2 F, 3 F, 4 T, 5 F, 6 T, 7 T, 8 T^ Studijní materiály www.bbc.co.uk, upraveno https://www.usingenglish.eom/comprehension/7.html I=> Vyklad: Tips for writing short emails: 1. Use formulaic expressions to start and finish your email. 2. Use I'd prefer + infinitive to say which option you want to do. SM29/2012-8 3. Use informal words and expressions, contracted forms. 4. Respond to your friend's email in a friendly, chatty style.. 5. Use a variety of structures for giving advice 6. Don't forget to respont to all the points in your friend's email. 9 • Cvičeni: You are going to spend a weekend with your friend from Scotland called Chris Stewart. Read the email you have just received from Chris and the notes you've made. Write a reply to Chris using all the notes. You should write approximately 150 words. Subject: Coming to Glasgow Hi, I'm really happy that we'll see each other next weekend! A friend of mine plays in a band and they're going to play a small concert on Friday evening. Would you like to go and see my friend playing with her group? We need to decide what to do on Saturday. We could either take a trip down the River Clyde in a boat (I'm sure you'd love the beautiful scenery) or we could go and see a football match. Can you tell me which activity you'd rather do? I wanted to ask your advice about something. I've just started to learn Italian but I only have one hour of lessons every week. Can you give me some advice on how to improve my Italian as quickly as possible? Just one final thing. You told me in your last message that you have a new skateboard. Could you bring it with you to Scotland? I'd love to have a go on it. All the best, Chris Klíč k řešení otázek To: Chris Steward Subject: Re: Coming to Glasgow SM29/2012-8 Hi Chris, Thanks for your email. It's great to hear from you. I can't wait to come and visit! So, about Friday... I'd love to see your friend's band! What kind of music do they play? I'm thinking of starting my own band so it'll be good to meet your friends and ask them about it. On Saturday, I'd prefer to go on the boat trip on the river. I'm not really a football fan, to be honest. The boat trip sounds much more chilled out! So, you're learning Italian? I'm impressed! Why don't you try and find an Italian to practise speaking with? If you find someone who's learning English, you could do a language exchange. It's the best way to learn. You should try to read some books in Italian as well. You asked about my skateboard. I'm sorry but I can't bring it with me to Scotland. I've got loads of stuff and it's too big to fit in my suitcase. I'm really looking forward to seeing you! Best wishes, XXX Studijní materiály http:/t/learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/skills/writing-skills-practice/informal-email SM29/2012-8 Kapitola 13: Zkouška B2. Mluvený projev a poslech. Klíčové pojmy: Skills, speaking, conversation questions, description, listening activities Cíle kapitoly: -seznámení se zásadami zkoušení mluveného projevu na úrovni B2 - vedení diskuse, tvoření dialogů - nácvik poslechových aktivit Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 5 hodin l=> Výklad: Listening: GOOD IMPRESSIONS IN JOB INTERVIEWS Creating a positive or negative impression on an interviewer takes only (1) Eighty to ninety per cent of job interviewees forget (2)........when they go into the interview room. The way you move at an interview can make you seem either shy or (3)...... Two gestures that can make you seem defensive are not making eye-contact and (4) Something else that can make a bad impression is constantly touching (5) People who wear red show that (6).........and yellow makes you seem open. Other colours associated with positive qualities are (7) For job interviews most people choose neutral colours like (8) It may be a good idea to follow tradition and wear a (9) On your way out of the building, it's important not to forget (10)..........To anyone you met when you arrived. • Cvičení: You will hear a lecture about making a good first impression ina job interview For questions 1 - 10, complete the sentences. SM29/2012-8 0-« Klíč k řešení otázek 1 a few seconds, 2 to smile, 3 dependable and honest, 4 crossing your arms, 5 your clothing or jewellery, 6 they have confidence, 7 green and orange, 8 brown, grey and black, 9 navy bue suit, 10 to say goodbye bid Studijní materiály BURGESS, Sally, Jacky NEWBROOK a Judy WILSON, 2008. FCE Gold Plus. Exam Maximiser with key and audio CD. Pearson, s.160. s.83. ISBN 978-1-405-87679 Výklad: SM29/2012-8 Practice exam Paper 5 Paper 5 Speaking Part 1 The Interlocutor will ask you ana the other candidate some questions about yourselves.