Cizí jazyk I
Studijní opora
Libuše Turínská
2017 České Budějovice
1. vydání
© Vysoká škola technická a ekonomická v Českých Budějovicích, 2016
Vydala: Vysoká škola technická a ekonomická v Českých Budějovicích, Okružní 10, 370 01 České Budějovice
Za obsahovou a jazykovou správnost odpovídají autoři a vedoucí příslušných kateder.
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Cíl předmětu
Cílem předmětu je sjednocení vstupní úrovně jazykových znalostí studentů minimálně na úroveň A2 + až Bl dle Společného evropského referenčního rámce prajazyky. Po úspěšném absolvování předmětu ACJ_1 bude student schopen rozumět frázím a běžné slovní zásobě vztahující se k oblastem, které se ho bezprostředně týkají (např. základní informace osobě a své rodině, o nakupování, místopisu, zaměstnání).
Výstupy z učení
Dokáže pochopit smysl krátkých jasných a zpráv a hlášení. Umí číst krátké jednoduché texty. Umí vyhledat konkrétní předvídatelné informace v každodenních materiálech, např. inzerátech, prospektech, jídelních lístcích a jízdních řádech. Rozumí krátkým osobním dopisům. Umí komunikovat v jednoduchých běžných situacích vyžadujících jednoduchou přímou výměnu informací o známých tématech a činnostech. Zvládne velmi krátkou společenskou konverzaci, i když obvykle nerozumí natolik, aby konverzaci sám dokázal udržet. Umí použít řadu frází a vět, aby jednoduchým způsobem popsal vlastní rodinu a další lidi, životní podmínky, dosažené vzdělání a své současné nebo předcházející zaměstnání. Umí napsat krátké jednoduché poznámky a zprávy týkající se jeho základních potřeb. Umí napsat velmi jednoduchý osobní dopis.
Základní okruhy studia
1) Situace běžného života; pořádek slov v otázce.
2) Orientace ve městě, doprava; přítomný čas prostý, popis osobností.
3) Hotel, ubytování; přítomný čas průběhový.
4) Rodina, společnost; předložky času a místa, minulý čas prostý.
5) Bydlení; minulý čas průběhový.
6) Nakupování a služby; otázky s pomocnými slovesy a bez pomocných sloves.
7) Zdravý životní styl, příroda; krátký písemný projev.
8) Dovolená; vyjádření budoucnosti vazbou going to, přítomný čas průběhový pro vyjádření budoucnosti.
9) Volný čas; budoucí čas will/ won't, předpovědi týkající se budoucnosti.
10) Zdraví; budoucí čas will/ won't, sliby, nabídky, rozhodnutí.
11) Móda, oblékání; předpřítomný čas prostý.
12) Životopis; stupňování přídavných jmen.
13) Struktura mezinárodní zkoušky Bl; shrnutí slovesných časů.
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Povinná literatura (minimálně dvě knihy)
.   OXENDEN, Clive, Christina KOENIG LATHAM a Paul SELINGSON. English File third
edition Pre-intermediate Student's Book with iTutor. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
ISBN 978-0-945988-1-1. •   MURPHY, Raymond. Essential grammar in use: a self-study reference and practice book for
elementary students with answers. 3rd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2007, 319 s. ISBN 9780521675437.
Studijní průvodce
Klíčové pojmy
Cíle kapitoly
Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly
Výklad
9
Úkoly k zamyšlení a diskuzi
O-
Klíč k řešení otázek
Studijní materiály
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Kapitola 1: Situace běžného života; pořádek slov v otázce
Klíčové pojmy:
Everyday situations, conversation, word order, question words, questions
Cíle kapitoly:
■ Procvičování reakcí v situacích běžného života,
■ Dovednosti související se small talk, schopnost vést konverzaci
■ Vysvětlení týkající se pořádku slov v otázce.
Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 4 hodin E> Výklad:
The Usual School System
A school is an institution designed for the teaching of pupils under the direction of teachers. Most countries have systems of formal education, which is compulsory. In these systems, students progress through a series of schools. The names for these schools differ by country, but generally include primary schools for young children and secondary schools for teenagers who have completed primary education. An institution where high education is taught is commonly called a university.
There are also non-government schools, called private schools. Private schools usually offer special education. Other private schools can also be religious, such as Christian school and others. There are also school focused on languages or sports or so called alternative schools which are focused on the certain type of their philosophy.
In home-schooling and online schools, teaching and learning take place outside of a traditional school building.
The concept of grouping students together in a centralized location for learning has existed since ancient times. Formal schools have existed since ancient Greece, ancient Rome, ancient India and ancient China. Another culture that developed a school system in the modern sense
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of the word was Islam. Emphasis was put on knowledge, which required a systematic way of teaching and spreading knowledge, and purpose-built structures.
In the United Kingdom, the term school refers primarily to pre-university institutions, and these can, for the most part, be divided into pre-schools or nursery schools, primary schools), and secondary schools. In Europe, the term school usually applies to primary education, with primary schools that last between four and nine years, depending on the country. It also applies to secondary education with secondary schools often divided between Gymnasiums and vocational schools. When children in Europe leave school, which usually happens at the age of 15-19 they are allowed to proceed to a vocational school. The term school is rarely used for tertiary education, except for some upper or high schools.
• Cvičení
Questions:
1) How would you define a school?
2) How is called the institution where higher education is taught?
3) What do private schools usually offer?
4) Where does teaching take place in homeschooling?
5) When do pupils in Europe usually leave school?
1) an institution designed for the teaching of pupils under the direction of teachers
2) a university
3) specialized education
4) outside of a traditional school building
5) at the age of 15- 19
0-
Klíč k řešení otázek
Studijní materiály
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School
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I=> Vyklad:
Word order in questions - questions with do/does/ did in present simple and past simple
Question word	Auxiliary	Subject	Infinitive (= verb)
	Do	you	live with your parents?
	Did	you	have a holiday last year?
Where	does	your sister	work?
When	did	you	start studying English?
What	did	they	talk about?
Advice:
Remember: use ASI (Auxiliary, Subject, Infinitive) and QUASI (question word, Auxiliary, Subject, Infinitive) ro remember word order in questions.
9
Cvičení
Put the words in the right order to make questions:
1 you   live where   do ?
2 older   is brother   your you than ?
3 often he   how   to   write does   you ?
4 this   time   start   does   what   class ?
5 Brazil   from   is   friend   your ?
6 last   go   where    you    summer did?
7 languages   how   you   many   do speak?
8 come bus to   you by school did ?
0- Klíč k řešení otázek
1 Where do you live?
2 Is your brother older than you?
3 How often does he write to you ?
4 what time does this this class start?
5 Is your friend from Brazil?
6 Where did you go last summer?
7 How many languages do you speak?
8 Did you come to school by bus?
Studijní materiály
. OXENDEN, Clive, Christina KOENIG LATHAM a Paul SELINGSON, 2012. English File third edition Pre-intermediate Student's Book with iTutor. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.126. ISBN 978-0-945988-1-1.
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. OXENDEN Clive, Christina KOENIG LATHAM a Paul SELINGSON, 2012. English File third edition Pre-intermediate Student's Book with iTutor. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.127. ISBN 978-0-945988-1-1.
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Kapitola 2: Orientace ve městě, doprava, popis osobnosti; přítomný čas prostý
Klíčové pojmy:
Orientation, directions, transport, personality, character, present simple, auxiliary verbs
Cíle kapitoly:
• výklad a opakování přítomného času prostého
• osvojení si a procvičení slovní zásoby na téma orientace ve městě
• sl. zásoba + otázky potřebné k popisu osobnosti
Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 4 hodiny I=> Výklad:
Your mother or your best friend?
In our weekly experiment, single people who are looking for a partner ask their mother and their best friend to help.
This week's single person is Charlotte Ramirez, a 25-year-old web designer. Her father is Spanish and her mother is English. She lives in Brighton and she doesn't have a partner at the moment. Her mother, Alice, chooses a man she thinks is perfect for her daughter and her best friend, Katie, chooses another. Then Charlotte goes on a date with each man. Which one does she prefer?
„I love going to the cinema, but I often feel like staying at home with a good book," says Charlotte. „I'm quite friendly and sociable and I get on well with most people. I think I have a good sense of humour."
„What kind of men do I like? Well, I like interesting men who can make me laugh. Physically, I prefer men with a really nice smile who are taller than me. And I don't usually like men with beards! I like men who are into literature and art, and classical music."
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„Fm not sure who is going to choose better for me. Both my mum and my best friend know me very well. Perhaps Katie could find me a guy who is physically more compatible, but my mother has known me for longer!
• Cvičení
What do you remember?
1) What does Charlotte like doing?
2) What's she like?
3) What kind of men does / doesn't she like?
4) Who does she think is going to choose better? Why?
Klíč k řešení otázek
1 going to cinema, sometimes staying at home with a good book
2 friendly, sociable, with a good sense of humour
3 does: interesting, funny men x doesn't: men with a beard
4 her mother - she has known her for longer
Studijní materiály
. OXENDEN, Clive, Christina KOENIG LATHAM a Paul SELINGSON, 2012. English File third edition Pre-intermediate Student's Book with iTutor. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.6. ISBN 978-0-945988-1-1.
EJVyklad:
Present Simple
verb - to be Positive
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I am at home. You/we/they are at home. He/she/it is at home. Negative
I am not at home. You/we/they are not at home. He/she/it is not at home. Question
Am I at home? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. Are you/we/they at home? Yes, you are. / No, you are not.
Is he/she/it at home? Yes, he is. / No, he is not. Other verbs
We use present simple for the repeated actions - habits, routines Permanent situations Things that are always true
States, senses and feelings that are generally true with the verbs - believe, know, live, have, feel, like, taste
States, senses and feelings that are happening around now - believe, know, have, feel, like, taste
• Cvičení
Make sentences in present simple: 1 he/ drive to work every day. 21/ not think / you're right
3 We / not have enough time
4 She / eat cereals in the morning
5 You / watch a lot of TV
6 He / not read the newspaper
7 She / dance very often
8 He / often play football
9 He / not go to school on Mondays
10 You / not drink much tea
Positive
I/you/we/they like singing. Negative
I/you/we/they like singing.
He/she/it doesn't like singing.
He/she/it likes singing.
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Studijní materiály
OXENDEN, Clive, Christina KOENIG LATHAM a Paul SELINGSON, 2012. English File third edition Pre-intermediate Student's Book with iTutor. Oxford: Oxford University Press, s.126. ISBN 978-0-945988-1-1
SCRIVENER, J. Teaching English Grammar. Macmillan, 2010. Third edition, s.211. ISBN 978-0-2307-2321-4.
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.corn/present-simple-exercise-7.html
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Kapitola 3: Hotel, ubytování; přítomný čas průběhový
Klíčové pojmy:
Reception, reservation, stay, present continuous, -ing form, auxiliary verb, to be
Cíle kapitoly:
■ Slovní zásoba na téma ubytování v hotelu
■ Nácvik telefonátu s rezervací pokoje,
■ Opakování tvorby a použití přítomného času průběhového
Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 2 hodiny I=> Výklad:
Hotel Etiquette for Guests
Travelers expect quite a bit from the hotel experience. Not only is it important to have a comfortable place to sleep, amenities such as ice, hairdryers, irons, and breakfast are expected as well. Most hotels have staff members who are willing to accommodate even the most finicky guest. Now it's time for travellers to think about how to behave.
Waiting until the last minute, you run the risk of the hotel being booked, not getting the accommodations you prefer or being placed on a waiting list. The day before your are scheduled to arrive, print your confirmation or call.
If you plan to travel with a pet, let the reservationist know. Some hotels don't allow pets, while others may have policies regarding the size and breed of the animal. If they can't accommodate you, they may know of another hotel that can. Upon arrival
Have your confirmation number available. Go directly to the registration desk with your confirmation information and give the names of everyone who will be staying in your room. Be prepared to do quite a bit of tipping throughout your stay at the hotel. In the room
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Treat all the furniture and fixtures in the room with care. These are not your personal belongings, and the hotel has reasonable expectations that you will leave them as you found them. If something is broken or doesn't work, contact the front desk and let them know right away. Waiting can lead them to believe you broke it.
• Cvičení
Questions on the text: Decide whether the statements are true or false:
1 Hotels do not allow pets.
2 Every damage to the furniture and fixtures in the hotel is paid by the hotel.
3 You should be prepare to tip.
0-, Klíč k řešení otázek
1 F, 2 F, 3 T
SH Studijní materiály
https://www.thespruce.com/hotel-etiquette-for-guests-1216998
I=> Výklad:
Present continuous
be + verb + ing Affirmative
I am driving. You/we/they are driving. He/she/it is driving.
Negative
I am not driving.      You/we/they are not driving. He/she/it is not driving.
Question
Am I driving? Are you/we/they driving? Is he/she/it driving?
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Yes, I am.
Yes, you are. No, you aren't.
Yes, he is.
No, I am not.
No, he isn't.
We use the present continuous for actions and things happening now, at this moment. Some words change their written form: - dream - dreaming, drive - driving, stop -stopping, play - playing
We also use the present continuous to express the planned actions in the future
• Cvičení
Write the sentences in the present continuous.
a) What/father/do/today? He/finish/the translation.
b) Sandra is on his way to work. She/drive/to work.
c) Listen/to me? I/try/to explain it to you.
d) Alena/not/wears/a blue shirt/today. She/wear/the white one.
e) We can't go out now. It/rain.
f) You can turn off the radio. I/not/listen to/it.
Klíč k řešení otázek
a) What is your father doing today? - He is finishing the translation.
b) She is driving to work.
c) Are you listening to me? I am trying to explain it to you.
d) Alena isn't wearing a blue shirt today. She is wearing a white one.
e) It is raining.
f) I am not listening to it.
bl=d Studijní materiály
MURPHY, R. 2004. English Grammar in Use. CUP, 2004. Third edition. 379 p. s. 3 - 7. ISBN 978-0-521-53762-2
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Kapitola 4: Rodina, společnost; předložky času a místa, minulý čas prostý
Klíčové pojmy:
Family, society, modern, prepositions, time, place, past simple
Cíle kapitoly:
■ Slovní zásoba na téma rodina a společnost,
■ Výklad a zopakování pravidel pro minulý čas prostý
■ Pravidelná a nepravidelná slovesa
Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 5 hodin
E> Vyklad:
The End of Marriages
The families nowadays face the sad fact that almost every second marriage in the Czech Republic is divorced. This tendency rises worldwide every year. Divorce is the termination of a marital union, the cancelling of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage and the dissolving of the bonds of matrimony bonds of matrimony between a married couple. Divorce is unlike annulment which declares the marriage null and void. Divorce laws differ considerably around the world vary, but in most countries it requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process. The legal process of divorce may also involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt. In most countries monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another; where polygamy is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry a new husband.
Divorce can be a stressful experience affecting finances, living arrangements, household jobs, schedules and other aspects. If the family includes children, they may be deeply affected. Most countries allow divorce, the only countries which do not allow divorce are the Philippines (though Muslims have the right to divorce) and the Vatican City, an ecclesiastical state, which has no procedure for divorce. Countries that have relatively recently allowed divorce are Italy (1970), Portugal (1975), Spain (1981), Ireland (1996) and Malta (2011).
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Though divorce laws vary in the countries, there are two basic approaches to divorce: fault based and no-fault based. However, even in some jurisdictions that do not require a party to claim fault of their partner, a court may still take into account the behaviour of the parties when dividing property, debts, evaluating custody, shared care arrangements and support.
Some of the effects associated with divorce include psychological and behavioural problems. Although this may not always be true, studies suggest that children from divorced families are more likely to exhibit such behavioural issues than those from non-divorced families. Research done at Northern Illinois University on Family and Child Studies suggests that divorce can have a positive effect on families due to less conflict in the home. There are, however, many instances where the parent-child relationship may suffer due to divorce.
• Cvičení
Questions:
1) What is a divorce?
2) What can the legal process of a divorce include?
3) Which countries do not allow divorces?
4) When were divorces allowed in Ireland?
5) According to the text, which was the last country in which divorces were allowed?
6) What are the effects of a divorce?
1) Divorce is a termination of a marital union.
2) The legal process can include - alimony, child custody or child support.
3) The Philippines and Vatican City do not allow divorces.
4) Divorces in Ireland were allowed in 1996.
5) The last country where divorces were allowed is Malta (2011).
6) It may cause psychological and behavioural problems.
0-
Klíč k řešení otázek
Studijní materiály
Adapted from Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divorce
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I=> Vyklad:
Past simple To be
Affirmative
I/he/she/it was at home. You/we/they were at home. Question
Was Fhe/she/it at home? Were you/we they at home? Yes, I was. No, I wasn't. Yes, you were. No, you weren't. Negative
I/he/she/it was not at home. You/we/they were not at home.
Regular and irregular verbs Regular verbs
infinitive past work worked study studied stop stopped
Irregular verbs
There is about one hundred of irregular verbs, we have to remember the past form by heart. for example:
infinitive - write      past - wrote
Affirmative
I/he/she/it/you/we/they worked yesterday. Question
Did Fhe/she/it/you/we/they work yesterday? Negative
I/he/she/it/you/we/they didn't work yesterday?
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• Cvičení
Make the past simple form of verbs in brackets. Use positive (+), negative (-) or question (?) forms.
a) His parents_(speak) English. (-)
b) My grandmother_(be) a famous actor. (+)
c) I_(go out) with my friends last night. (+)
d) _you_(go) to Andrea's birthday party last Saturday?
e) Sorry, I_(hear) you. (-)
f) _Thomas_(send) you that e-mail yesterday?
g) We were in the cinema last night, but I_(enjoy) the film. It was really
boring. (-)
h) What time_she_(arrive) to the airport?
i) We_(spend) wonderful holiday in Greece last week.(+)
j)     Raul_(break) his leg yesterday. (+)
Klíč k řešení otázek
a) His parents didn'ttspeak   (speak) English. (-)
b) My grandmother ...was___ (be) a famous actor. (+)
c) I ...yy.?.Ut_Qut___(go out) with my friends last night. (+)
d) ...Did... you ...go...(go) to Andrea's birthday party last Saturday?
e) Sorry, I ...di(fa/J.hegrmm_(hear) you. (-)
f) ...DM... Thomas ...send___(send) you that e-mail yesterday?
g) We were in the cinema last night, but I ...didn't enjoy   (enjoy) the film. It was really boring. (-)
h) What time ...did she ...arrive...(arrive) to the airport?
i) We ...sp_ent___ (spend) wonderful holiday in Greece last week.(+) j) Raul...bwke.(break) his leg yesterday. (+)
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Studijní materiály
MURPHY, R. English Grammar in Use. CUP, 2004. Third edition, s.10 - 11. ISBN 978-0-521-53762-2.
OXENDEN, Clive, Christina KOENIG LATHAM a Paul SELINGSON, 2012. English File third edition Pre-intermediate Student's Book with iTutor. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.126. ISBN 978-0-945988-1-1
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Kapitola 5: Bydlení; minulý čas průběhový
Klíčové pojmy:
Housing, housing problems, block of flats, past continuous, auxiliry verb
Cíle kapitoly:
Pravidla pro tvoření minulého času průběhového Rozdíl v použití minulého času prostého a průběhového Slovní zásoba na téma bydlení, popis bytu či domu
Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 5 hodin
E> Výklad:
The place where I live
I live in Porto, which is a ... 1.... on the coast in the north of Portugal. It has a ...2... .of 300,000 people and it's the second biggest city in Portugal. It's a beautiful city, and it's great for walking around. There are lots of narrow ...3...., andit'sfull of churches, ...4...., and markets. There's an area called Foz where there are a lot of outdoor bars and restaurants - people go there at the weekend to sit in the sun, drink coffee and watch the Atlantic.
The ... 5.... here is very different from the south of Portugal. The winter can be very wet, and it sometimes rains for days. The summer is wonderful - it's sunny but not usually too hot, and it's great for going to the mountains or the ... 6......
Porto is famous for port wine, which is only produced here (but I don't like it much). The
biggest ... 7......       attraction in Porto is probably the ... 8.... - there are some beautiful bridges,
including one designed by Eiffel, and lots of tourists go on boat trips. There's a ... 9.... in June called Sao Joao, with a lot of fireworks and people in the streets, and everybody spends most of the evening hitting each other with plastic hammers.
But I think the best things about Porto are the people and the ... 10... . It's quite small and it's very safe and friendly. It's a working city and it has a real sense of history, and that's the main reason why I like living here so much.
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• Cvičení
Complete the text with these words:
Atmosphere  beach  city  festival  museums  population  river  streets  tourist weather
Klíč k řešení otázek
1 city, 2 population, 3 streets, 4 museums, 5 weather, 6 beach, 7 tourist, 8 river, 9 festival, 10 atmosphere
Studijní materiály
• OXENDEN, Clive, Christina KOENIG LATHAM a Paul SELINGSON, 2012. English File third edition Pre-intermediate Student's Book with iTutor. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.49. ISBN 978-0-945988-1-1
O Výklad:
Past continuous was/were + verb+ing Affirmative
I/he/she/it was dancing. You/we/they were dancing. Question
Was I/he/she/it dancing? Were you/we they dancing? Yes, I was. No, I wasn't. Yes, you were. No, you weren't. Negative
I/he/she/it was not dancing. You/we/they were not dancing.
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We use the past continuous to talk about an action in progress at a specific moment of time in the past.
At five, I was just having shower.
When two actions take place at the same time in the past
Jenny was cooking while he was trying to repair the TV. Descriptions of circumstance:
The sun was shining. The bride was wearing white dress. Time frame for specific action in the past:
The phone rang when I was doing homework.
• Cviceni
2) Complete the sentences. Use the past continuous (+, -, ?)
a) She didn't answer the phone because she_(have) shower.
b) What_you_(do) when I called you last night?
c) When Alan met Sally both_(work) for the same company.
d) I_(walk) down the street when I saw the accident.
e) She_(speak) on the phone when I came in.
3) Write sentences with WHEN. Use the past simple and the past continuous. Example: They / play / tennis / start / rain
They were playing tennis when it started to rain.
a)    He / break / his arm / cycle
b)    My sons / play PC games 111 come home
c)    My cat / eat / my lunch 111 sleep / on the sofa
d)    I / do / my homework 111 hear / the noise
e)    My mother / cook 111 come / home
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Klíč k řešení otázek
a) She didn't answer the phone because shewashaying___ (have) shower.
b) What ... were ....you ...doing... (do) when I called you last night?
c) When Alan met Sally both ...were_wpjking___ (work) for the same company.
d) I ...was walking   (walk) down the street when I saw the accident.
e) She __wgsspeaking____ (speak) on the phone when I came in.
a) He / break / his arm / cycle
He.broke his arm when he_ was cycling_._
b) My sons / play PC games 111 come home
My. sonsm were playing .PC games when I cqmehpme._
c) My cat / eat / my lunch III sleep / on the sofa
...My..Q.Qt_atemy{lunch when I w^
d) I / do / my homework 111 hear / the noise
J..W.Q.S. doing, my homework^when1 heard the_noise.
e) My mother / cook 111 come / home
My mother was cooking when I came home.
Studijní materiály
MURPHY, R. English Grammar in Use. CUP, 2004. Third edition, s.10 - 13. ISBN 978-0-521-53762-2.
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Kapitola 6: Nakupování a služby; otázky s pomocnými slovesy a bez nich v časech minulých a přítomných
Klíčové pojmy:
Shopping, service, questions, auxilairy verbs, question words
•X Cíle kapitoly:
■ Výklad a opakování podmětných a předmětných otázek
■ Role pomocných sloves
■ Slovní zásoba na téma nakupování
k Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 5 hodin
IS Výklad:
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Union Square
Union Square is an important shopping area. Every major department store is nearby, and the square is also a centre for exclusive and high quality fashions, with names like Dior, Armani, Marc Jacobs, and Yves Safnt Laurent ail having boutiques in the area, ff you like crowds, then Saturday afternoon would be the perfect time to visit If you prefer to have the shops to yourself, then go when most of San Francisco is working. Weekday mornings are always quiet. Most stores are open until 8.00 p.m., and some even later. Here are some of our favourites.
BORDERS: Four floors of books, videos, DVDs, CDs, and more There is a cafe on the second floor serving coffees and pastries, and a seating area pvertooks Union Square Special events, like author readings, are held on the third floor 400 Post St, (415) 399 1633
VIRGIN MEGASTORE:
This huge three-storey music store offers one of the largest selections of
CDs in San Francisco Virgin also sells music books and videos and hosts the occasional artist album jjigning^The third floor cafe is popular 2 Stockton St, (415) 397-4525
BANANA REPUBLIC:
You can find the latest: fashions at pnces that aren't cheap but won't break tiie bank There are casual clothes that are stSJ suitable for the office, like cashmere
or iambswooi sweaters Accessones include hats, jackets, leather bete, and shoes
256J^rant Aye, _ (415) 788-3087
CAMPER: This Spanish-based company presents comfortable shoes in playfui shapes and colours The store itself is a 'work in progress', where customers can wnte or draw on the walls 39 Grant Ave (415) 296-1005
• Cvičení
Where could you:
1 buy a guide to the city
2 listen to a writer reading their new book
3 buy a new shirt
4 meet a music star
5 buy a new pair of boots
6 get a view over Union Square
Klíč k řešení otázek
1 Borders, 2 Borders, 3 Banana Republic 4 Virgin Megastore 5 Camper 6 Borders
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bid Studijní materiály
OXENDEN, Clive, Christina KOENIG LATHAM a Paul SELINGSON, 2012. English File third edition Pre-intermediate Workbook, p. 48. Oxford: Oxford University Press
l=> Výklad:
Questions with and without auxiliaries
Questions with auxiliaries			
Question	auxiliary	subject	infinitive
What books	do	you	like?
Which book	did	you	read?
Who	did	you	go with?
We normally use the auxiliary verb (do, does, did) + the infinitive to make questions.
Questions without auxiliaries
Subject Verb
What happened yesterday?
Which book won the price?
Who paints their pictures?
When the question word (Who? What? Which? How many?) is the subject of the verb in the question, we do not use an auxiliary and the verb is in the third person. (Who writes the letter?)
• Cviceni
1 What.........(you - watch) on TV last night?
2 Where......(you, be) on Tuesday?
3 Who..........(paint) Mona Lisa?
4 How many goals...........(he, score)?
5 What.........(you, like) about that film?
6 Which team...........(win) the championship?
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0-" Klíč k řešení otázek
1 did you watch, 2 were you, 3 painted, 4 did he score, 5 did you like, 6 won
£H Studijní materiály
•   MURPHY, R. English Grammar in Use. CUP, 2004. Third edition, s.98 - 103. ISBN
978-0-521-53762-2.
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Kapitola 7: Zdravý životní styl, příroda; krátký písemný projev
4í Klíčové pojmy:
animal, writing, description, nature
Cíle kapitoly:
■ seznámení se se slovní zásobou na téma zdravý životní styl
■ výklad a procvičení zásad krátkého písemného projevu - email
Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 5 hodin l=> Výklad:
Sheep
Sheep (Ovis aries) are mammals typically kept as livestock. The name "sheep" in everyday usage it almost always refers to domestic sheep, which are also the most numerous species of sheep. A male sheep is called a ram and a female sheep is called a ewe.
Sheep are most likely descended from the wild mouflon of Europe and Asia. One of the earliest animals to be domesticated for agricultural purposes, sheep are raised for fleece, meat and milk. A sheep's wool is the most widely used animal fiber. The meat is called lamb when from younger animals and mutton when from older ones. Sheep continue to be important for wool and meat today.
Sheep has been fundamental to many civilizations. In the modern era, Australia, New Zealand, the southern and central South American nations, and the British Isles are most closely associated with sheep production.
Sheep is both the singular and plural name for the animal. A group of sheep is called a flock.
Being a key animal in the history of farming, sheep have a place in human culture, and find representation in much modern language. In both ancient and modern religious ritual, sheep are used as sacrificial animals.
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• Cvičení
1. What does the name sheep refer to?
2. What are probably sheep descended from?
3. What are sheep used for?
4. In terms of religion, what were sheep used for?
0-" Klíč k řešení otázek
1 domestic sheep, 2 wild mouflon, 3 meat, mild and fleece, 4 as sacrificial animals
Studijní materiály
http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sheep
S> Vyklad:
Writing a description of a photo Describing a photo - a short writing
When you describe the photo (in a length of max. 150 words), it is good to think about the
following things:
What's your favourite photo? What was happening in a photo? -   Who took it? When? Where?
Give more details about who or what is in the photo. Where do you keep the photo? Why do you like it?
When you finish your text, it is advisable to:
Check the grammar Check the spelling Check the punctuation
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• Cvičení
WRITE about your favourite photo. Answer the questions in a in the right order.
What was happening when you took the photo?
Where do you keep it? Why do you like it?
What's your favourite photo?
Who took it? When? Where?
Tell more about who or what is in the photo.
eld Studijní materiály
OXENDEN, Clive, Christina KOENIG LATHAM a Paul SELINGSON, 2007. New English File Pre-intermediate Student's Book. OUP: Oxford, s. 25. ISBN 978-0-19-4519090
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Kapitola 8: Dovolená; vyjádření budoucnosti vazbou going to a přítomným časem průběhovým.
4í Klíčové pojmy:
Holiday, summer, vacation, going to, present continuous
Cíle kapitoly:
■ Budoucnost vyjádřená vazbou going to - forma
■ Going to vs. přítomný čas průběhový - použití
■ Vyjadřování se o budoucích plánech
■ Dovolená, prázdniny - slovní zásoba a užitečné fráze
Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 4 hodiny l=> Výklad:
Top airports in the world
For many people airports are a nightmare - long queues when you check in and go through security and an even longer wait if your fight is delayed. But there are some airports where you can actually enjoy yourself. All good airports have excellent facilities for business people and children, free Wi-fi, restaurants, cafes and shops. But the best airports have much more. Singapore Airport is paradise for flower lovers, as it has an indoor orchid garden. It also has a rooftop swimming pool and a free sight-seeing tour for people who have at least five hours to wait for their connecting flight.
If you like computer games, you'll never be bored at HONG KONG INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT - there are dozens of free PlayStations all over the terminals. It's also good for people with no sense of direction - there are „Airport Ambassadors" in red coats, who help you to get from one place to another.
SEOUL AIRPORT is the place to relax. You can go to the hairdresser and have beauty treatments or a massage. Sports fans can also play golf at their 72-hole golf course.
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MUNICH AIRPORT helps to keep passengers entertained with a 60-seat cinema an non-stop films. There is also free coffee and tea near all the seating areas, and lots of free magazines and newspapers.
If you worry about your health and like to be near medical services at all times, OSAKA AIRPORT in Japan is the perfect place to wait, as it has a dentist and doctor s surgery. And for people with animals, there is even a pet hotel.
If you have a long wait between flights at ZURICH AIRPORT in Switzerland, you can rent day rooms with their own bathroom and kitchen and wake-up call service. So you can have shower and then sleep peacefully until you have to board your flight.
• Cvičení
Read an article about the top airports in the world. Which is the best airport(s) if you .. . ?
1 have a medical problem
2 would like to see a film
3 want to do some sport or exercise
4 need to leave your dog for the weekend
5 are worried about getting lost
6 want to sleep between flights
7 would like to see the city between flights
0- Klíč k řešení otázek
1 Osaka, 2 Munich, 3 Seoul, 4 Osaka, 5 Hong Kong, 6 Zurich, 7 Singapore
Studijní materiály
• OXENDEN, Clive, Christina KOENIG LATHAM a Paul SELINGSON, 2012. English File third edition Pre-intermediate Student's Book with iTutor. Oxford: Oxford University Press, s. 21. ISBN 978-0-945988-1-1
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I=> Výklad:
Expressing the future -
going to, present continuous -
future plans and predictions
(be) going to + infinitive is used for future plans and predictions.
She is going to Brno for three weeks, (plan)
I think the weather is going to be cold, (prediction)
Affirmative
I am going to work in a bar. She's going to work in a bar. Negative
I am not going to work in a bar. She's not going to work in a bar. Question
Are you going to work in a bar? Is she going to work in a bar?
Present continuous —future arrangements
The present continuous can be used as well for talking about the future arrangements which are planned (time, place)
We often use present continuous with some time expression - tonight, tomorrow, this week, etc.
I'm seeing my parents this weekend.
She's having a dinner with her friends tonight.
• Cvičeni
Expressing the future - going to, present continuous - future plans, predictions, arrangements
1) Complete the exercise with going to + verb. Look at the example:
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Where
are you going to go_
for holidays? (go)
b) You
a) I
to next week, (study) _ in room 134. (be)
c) When_they
? (return)
d) The weather is very hot,
over 34 degrees, (be)
f)  The water is too cold, but he
e) We
this autumn, (not/ go camping) _in the afternoon, (swim)
g) She
the US next summer, (visit)
2) Write the sentences with going to or present continuous. Look at the example:
I/see/my boyfriend tonight. - I am going to see my boyfriend tonight. / I am seeing my
boyfriend tonight.
a) He/visit/his parents next week.
b) Anna/fly/France on Friday.
c) Tom/win the competition. He is the best.
d) Sandy/meet him on Friday.
e) Jana/do/ her homework this weekend.
a) I am going to study next week.
b) You are going to be in room 134.
c) When are they going to return?
d) The weather is very hot, it is going to be over 34 degrees.
e) We are not going to go camping this autumn.
f) The water is too cold, but he is going to swim in the afternoon.
g) She is going to visit the US next summer.
0- Klíč k řešení otázek
D
2)
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a) He/visit/his parents next week. - He is visiting his parents next week.
b) Anna/fly/France on Friday. Anna is going to fly to France on Friday.
c) Tom/win the competition. He is the best. Tom is going to win the competition. He is the best.
d) Sandy/meet him on Friday. Sandy is meeting him of Friday.
e) Jana/do/her homework this weekend. Jana is doing her homework this weekend.
Studijní materiály
MURPHY, R. English Grammar in Use. CUP, 2004. Third edition, s. 40-41. ISBN 978-0-521-53762-2.
OXENDEN, Clive, Christina KOENIG LATHAM a Paul SELINGSON, 2007. New English File Pre-intermediate Student's Book. OUP: Oxford, s. 130. ISBN 978-0-19-4519090
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Kapitola 9: Volný čas; budoucí čas will, won't, předpovědi
4í Klíčové pojmy:
Will, won't, predictions, leisure time, hobbies
Cíle kapitoly:
■ Slovní zásoba na téma volný čas, popis koníčků, volnočasové aktivity
■ Budoucí čas s will - forma
■ Předpovědi - využití budoucího času s WILL/ WON'T
■ seznámení s nákladovými modely
Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 5 hodin
&■ Vyklad:
What did you really do at the weekend?
The next time a friend or colleague tells you about their fantastic weekend, wait a moment before you start feeling jealous - maybe they are inventing it all!
A survey of 5,000 adults in the UK has shown that one person in four invents details about their weekend because they want to impress their friends. When they are asked "Did you have a good weekend?" they don't like to say that they just stayed at home and watched TV, because it sounds boring. So they invent the details. The most common lie that people told was "I went out on Saturday night", when really they didn't go anywhere. Other common lies were "I had a romantic meal", "I went to a party," and "I went away for the weekend". In fact, in the survey, 30 % of people who answered the questions said that they spent their weekend sleeping or resting because they were so tired at the end of the week. Another 30 % said that they needed to work or study at the weekend. Psychologist Corinne Sweet says that people often don't tell the truth about their weekend "because we don t want to feel that everyone else is having a better time than us, if we have had a boring weekend doing housework, paperwork, or just resting after a tiring week at work". She also believes that networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter may be encouraging us to invent details about our social lives. People can create an illusion of who they want to be and the life they want to live," says Corinne, "and of course they want that life to seem exciting".
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• Cvičení
Read the a rticle again . With a partner, choose a, b, or c.
1 The survey has shown that 25% of people ... a have very exciting weekends.
b lie about their weekend, c go out on a Saturday night.
2 30% of the people they interviewed ...
a needed to go to work at the weekend.
b had a very tiring week.
c didn't want to go out at the weekend.
3 Some people don't tell the truth about their weekend because . .. a their real weekend is very boring.
b they don't want to make their friends jealous, c they forget what they have done.
4 Social networking sites make people ... a spend more time on the computer.
b try to make their lives seem more exciting, c be more truthful about their lives.
0- Klíč k řešení otázek
1 b, 2 c, 3 a,4 b
Studijní materiály
• OXENDEN, Clive, Christina KOENIG LATHAM a Paul SELINGSON, 2012. English File third edition Pre-intermediate Student's Book with iTutor. Oxford: Oxford University Press, s.32 - 33. ISBN 978-0-945988-1-1
&■ Výklad:
Expressing the future - will/won't Will/won't + infinitive (predictions) Affirmative
• I/you/he/she/it/we/they will ('11) go home. Negative
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• I/you/he/she/it/we/they will not (won't) go home. Question
• Will Lyou/he/she/it/we/they go home?
• Yes, I will.
• No, you won't.
• Will/won't + infinitive is used for future predictions
9
• Cvičeni
Use the following words to create sentences. Look at the example:
It/be easy. = It will be easy.
a) They/lose
b) The lesson/be/long?
c) She/not/receive the letter.
d) He/love/the wine we bought.
e) You/find/good job.
f) There/be/fuss/in the afternoon.
0~" Klíč k řešení otázek
a) They will lose
b) Will the lesson be long?
c) She will not receive the letter.
d) He will love the wine we bought.
e) You will find a good job.
f) There will be fuss in the afternoon
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Studijní materiály
OXENDEN, Clive, Christina KOENIG LATHAM a Paul SELINGSON, 2012. English File third edition Pre-intermediate Student's Book with iTutor. Oxford: Oxford University Press, s.136. ISBN 978-0-945988-1-1
MURPHY, R. English Grammar in Use. CUP, 2004. Third edition, s. 42 - 44. ISBN 978-0-521-53762-2.
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Kapitola 10 Zdraví; budoucí čas will/ won't pro sliby, nabídky, reakce.
Klíčové pojmy:
Health, diseases, doctor, will, offers, promises, reactions
Cíle kapitoly:
■ deznámení se se slovní zásobou na téma Nemoci a zdraví
■ budoucí čas s WILL pro nabídky, sliby, žádosti, reakce
Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 5 hodin l=> Výklad:
Do you think getting cold can give you a cold? Is it bad to drink milk when you have a cold? Can chicken soup cure a cold?
Ranit Mishori is a family medicine doctor at Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington. She says colds are more common in winter, but not because of low temperatures. The cold weather just means people stay inside more. "People tend to be together and the way the common cold virus is transmitted from one person to another is through handshakes, through sneezing, or coughing on one another."
Adults generally get two to three colds a year. Children are likely to catch four or five. Dr. Mishori says some people mistakenly believe they can become resistant to colds. "There are about two hundred different viruses that cause the common cold. People think that once you get infected one time you develop immunity for the rest of your life. This is wrong."
There is still no cure for the common cold. But Dr. Mishori says there are ways to feel better sooner. "So if you get a cold and on day one and you start taking about two grams of vitamin C a day, there is evidence that it might shorten the number of days that you will be suffering with these symptoms." She says honey can also help, it is especially effective in children with colds.
Have you ever heard the old saying "feed a cold, starve a fever"? Dr. Mishori says this is not necessarily a good guideline to follow. She says if you have a cold but do not feel hungry, then don't eat. "But you have to drink a lot and you can drink water or you can drink tea — anything that gets fluids into your body. That's very important." But what about drinking milk during a cold? Some people think it only causes more mucus. Dr. Mishori says yes and no. "Dairy products do not cause increased secretions, but they can thicken the secretions. So it's
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possible that discomfort is somewhat more enhanced when you drink milk. But obviously, if you're a baby and that's all you drink, you should not stop giving babies milk."
• Cviceni
True or false?
1 Common cold virus is usually transmitted by human contact
2 You can become resistant to common cold.
3 When having a cold, you shouldn't eat or drink much.
0- Klíč k řešení otázek
1 T, 2 F, 3 F
Studijní materiály
http://www.manythings.org/voa/health/4072.html https://www.helpforenglish.cz/article/2006072361-health-and-illness
I=> Výklad:
Expressing the future - will/won't - promises, offers, decisions
We use will/won't + infinitive for offering, promising and making decisions.
I'll help you with your homework.
-   Shall is used when an offer is a question.
Shall I open the window?
Will/won't + infinitive Affirmative
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I/you/he/she/it/we/they will ('11) go home.
Negative
I/you/he/she/it/we/they will not (won't) go home. Question
Will Fyou/he/she/it/we/they go home? Yes, I will. No, you won't.
PROMISES
I'll always stay here. I won't do it.
OFFERS
I'll help you to clean the car. Shall I go with you?
DECISIONS
I won't have beer, I'll have wine. I'll take the taxi, thank you.
9
• Cviceni
Match the sentences.
It's cold in here. G
1 I'm thirsty.
2 I have a headache.
3 This exercise is hard.
4 I'm hungry.
5 These bags are heavy.
6 I left my wallet at home. .
7 I need that photo urgendy.
\
A I'll help you to do it. B Shall I make you a sandwich? C Shall I carry one for you? D I'll lend you some money. F I'll send it by e-mail now. G Shall-l-shut the window?-
Shall I turn off the music? I  I'll get you a glass of water.
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0-« Klíč k řešení otázek
1 I, 2 H, 3 A, 4 B, 5 C, 6 D, 7 F
Studijní materiály
• MURPHY, R. English Grammar in Use. CUP, 2004. Third edition, s. 42 - 44. ISBN 978-0-521-53762-2.
• OXENDEN, Clive, Christina KOENIG LATHAM a Paul SELINGSON, 2007. New English File Pre-intermediate Student's Book. OUP: Oxford, s. 131. ISBN 978-0-19-4519090
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Kapitola 11: Móda, oblékání; předpřítomný čas prostý.
Klíčové pojmy:
Present simple, auxiliary verb, past participle, fashion, style, clothes
Cíle kapitoly:
■ Předpřítomný čas prostý - forma a použití
■ Slovní zásoba na téma fashion
Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 5 hodin E> Výklad:
The Style Interview
LINDKA CIERACH is a fashion designer. She makes very exklusive clothes for women. She has made clothes for many celebrities including members of the British royal family, for example Kate Middleton and Sarah Ferguson, whose wedding dress she designed, and actresses like Helen Mirren.
DID YOU ALWAYS WANT TO BE A DESIGNER?
Not at all! When I was at school I had problems with reading, and later I was diagnosed as
dyslexic. 1_After school I did a secretarial course and then I got a job at Vogue magazine. I
loved it, and there I realized that what I wanted to do was design clothes. WHY DO YOU THINK PEOPLE LIKE YOUR CLOTHES?
Being a female designer has many advantages. 2_My customers leave the studio feeling a
million dollars!
WHAT NATIONALITY DO YOU THINK HAS THE BEST FASHION SENSE? Probably the Italians. 3
HAVE YOU EVER BEEN TO A FANCY DRESS PARTY?
I hate fancy dress parties. But I can remember one, when I was ten.
WHAT DID YOU GO AS?
My mother made me and my younger sister dress as a bride and bridegroom - I was the bridegroom! 4 _
HAVE YOU EVER MET SOMEONE WHO WAS WEARING EXACTLY THE SAME AS YOU?
Never, thank goodness! I'm lucky because I can choose from a large selection of our Collection each season!
HAVE YOU EVER FALLEN OVER BECAUSE YOU WERE WEARING VERY HIGH HEELS?
I've never fallen over, but once I had to take off my shoes in the middle of a reception at the
House of Lords ! 5__
WHAT DID YOU DO?
I walked out into the street in bare feet and I jumped into a taxi! HAVE YOU EVER DESIGNED CLOTHES FOR A MAN?
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Yes, I have. WHEN WAS IT?
It was when I was studying at the London College of Fashion. I designed my first Men's
Wear collection - shirts, trousers and leather jacket. . 6_He didn't need to buy any
clothes that year.
• Cvičení
Read the interview. Complete the gaps with A- F.
A I absolutely hated dressing as a man. B I really understand how women want to feel. C My boyfriend at that time was very lucky. D My feet were killing me!
E The only things I enjoyed there were art and sewing.
F They are so chic, and their sense of colour is so natural to them.
0- Klíč k řešení otázek
1 E, 2 B, 3 F, 4 A, 5 D, 6 C
Studijní materiály
• OXENDEN, Clive, Christina KOENIG LATHAM a Paul SELINGSON, 2012. English File third edition Pre-intermediate Student's Book with iTutor. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.130. ISBN 978-0-945988-1-1
E> Výklad:
Present perfect simple
Subject + have/has + past participle
Affirmative
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I/you/we/they have ('ve) been to Paris. He/she/it has ('s) been to Paris.
Negative
I7you//we/they have not (haven't) been to Paris. He/she/it has not (hasn't) been to Paris
Question
Have you/we/they been to Paris? Yes, I have. No, I haven't.
Has he/she/it been to Paris? Yes, he has. No, he hasn't.
We use the present perfect simple to talk about the past actions and experiences. We use the present perfect simple if we do not know exactly when it happened.
• Cviceni
Present perfect simple
Write the sentences in the present perfect simple. Look at the example.
Do you know where Sandra is? Yes, (I/just/see/her). - Yes, I have just seen her.
a) What time is Amanda leaving? - She/already/leave.
b) Are Tom and Betty coming for dinner today? - No, they/already/eaten
c) Is the teacher here yet? - No, He/not/arrive/yet.
d) What did you have for lunch today? - IVhave/not/today.
e) What does she think about your new book? I don't know. - She/not/read/it/yet.
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Klíč k řešení otázek
1) a) She has already left.
b) No, They have already eaten.
c) No, he has not arrived yet.
d) I have not had lunch today.
e) She has not read it yet.
Studijní materiály
• OXENDEN, Clive, Christina KOENIG LATHAM a Paul SELINGSON, 2012. English File third edition Pre-intermediate Student's Book with iTutor. Oxford: Oxford University Press, s.132. ISBN 978-0-945988-1-1
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Kapitola 12: Životopis; stupňování.
Klíčové pojmy:
Biography, CV, comparisons, comparative, superlative, adjectives
Cíle kapitoly:
-seznámení se pravidly pro stupňování přídavných jmen - popis zakláních údajů, životopis
Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 5 hodin I=> Výklad:
Albert Einstein was a German-born physicist, although most people probably know him as the most intelligent person who ever lived. His name has become part of many languages when we want to say someone is a genius, as in the phrase, "She's a real Einstein". He must have been pretty brainy to discover the Theory of Relativity and the equation E=mc2.
In 1999, 'Time' magazine named Einstein as the Person of the Century. No one could have guessed this would happen when he was at school. He was extremely interested in science but hated the system of learning by heart. He said it destroyed learning and creativity. He had already done many experiments, but failed the entrance exams to a technical college.
He didn't let this setback stop him. When he was 16, he performed his famous experiment of imagining traveling alongside a beam of light. He eventually graduated from university, in 1900, with a degree in physics. Twelve years later he was a university professor and in 1921, he won the Nobel Prize for Physics. He went on to publish over 300 scientific papers.
Einstein is the only scientist to become a cult figure, a household name, and part of everyday culture. He once joked that when people stopped him in the street, he always replied: "Pardon me, sorry! Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein." Today, he is seen as the typical mad, absent-minded professor, who just happened to change our world.
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• Cvičení
Match the words from the article on the left with their synonyms on the right.
a)
Paragraphs 1 and 2
1. probably
2 genius
3. brainy
4. guessed
5. extremely
6. destroyed
a. mastermind
b. very
c. predicted
d. most likely
e. ruined
f. intelligent
b)
Paragraphs 3 and 4
1. setback
8. alongside
9. papers
10. figure
11 replied
12 absent-minded
g. forgetful
h. answered
i. next to /'. problem
k personality
/ Reports
0~" Klíč k řešení otázek
a) 1 d, 2 f, 3 a, 4 c, 5 b, 6 e
b) 7 j, 8 i,91, 10 k, 11 h, 12 g
Studijní materiály
https://www.famouspeoplelessons.eom/a/albert einstein.html
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I=> Výklad:
Adjectives - comparatives, superlatives
adjective comparative superlative
long longer the longest
big bigger the biggest
cosy cosier the cosiest
stressed more stressed the most stressed
beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful
irregular
good better the best
bad worse the worst
far further the furthest
We use comparatives to compare things, people, animals, actions, etc. Comparative is used to express higher (more than) or lower intensity of the quality compared (less than)
We use superlatives to say which is the best, worst, etc. The definite article THE is used with the superlative adjectives
9
• Cviceni
Adjectives - Comparatives, superlatives
1) Write the adjective (in brackets) in the comparative form into the sentence.
a) This summer was much_than the last one. (hot)
b) But the autumn seems to be much_(cold).
c) She is_now in her new house, (happy)
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d) I love these shoes, they are_than those ones, (nice)
e) Thank you, he feels much_than last week, (good)
f) Anna has_marks than last semester, (bad)
g) We love eating in this restaurant and the food is_than in the city centre.
(cheap)
2) Fill in the table with superlative and comparative forms of adjectives.
Short shorter the shortest
Hot
Pretty
Good
Far
Slow
Fast
Busy
Relaxed
New
beautiful
0- Klíč k řešení otázek
1)
a) This summer was much hotter than the last one. (hot)
b) But the autumn seems to be much colder (cold).
c) She is happier now in her new house, (happy)
d) I love these shoes, they are nicer than those ones, (nice)
e) Thank you, he feels much better than last week, (good)
f) Anna has better marks than last semester, (bad)
g) We love eating in this restaurant and the food is cheaper than in the city centre, (cheap)
2)
Short shorter the shortest
Hot hotter the hottest
Pretty prettier the prettiest
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Good better the worst
Far further the furthest
Slow slower the slowest
Fast faster the fastest
Busy busier the busiest
Relaxed more relaxed the most relaxed
New newer the newest
Beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful
Studijní materiály
http://www.baldwinesl.net/uploads/3/0/9/4/30941237/comparatives superlatives worksheet with answers.pdf
MURPHY, R. English Grammar in Use. CUP, 2004. Third edition, s. 210 - 217. ISBN 978-0-521-53762-2
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Kapitola 13:Struktura mezinárodní zkoušky BI; shrnutí slovesných časů, předložky, větná skladba
Klíčové pojmy:
Verb tenses, reading comprehension, prepositions
Cíle kapitoly:
-opakování - shrnutí látky
-opakování gramatických a lexikálních jevů formou cvičení -příprava na mezinárodní zkoušku Bl
Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 5 hodin I=> Výklad:
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Monopoly ™
— the world's best-selling game
Today, it's the best-selling board game in the world. It's available in 80 -"" different countries and in 26 different languages. People of all ages play the game. But where did Monopoly come from? How did it start?
In 1934, an American called Charles Darrow showed his 'Monopoly Game' to the bosses at Parker Brothers, a company which manufactured games. Unfortunately, they refused to manufacture it because of design problems. However, Mr Darrow didn't give up.
With the help of a friend who was a printer, Mr Darrow made 5,000 sets of the game and sold them to a local shop. People loved it! He couldn't make the games quickly enough, so he went back to Parker Brothers and they agreed to make the game. In its first year, 1935, it was the best-selling game in America. Since then, an estimated 500 million people around the world have enjoyed playing it. Parker Brothers have sold more than 200 million games worldwide.
The game can last for a long time, but the longest game ever played lasted 1,680 hours — that's 70 days! People have also played in some unusual places. The longest game to take place in a bath lasted 99 hours and the longest game underwater went on for 45 days.
Of course, most games take place using a normal-sized board. But not everyone is satisfied with that. The biggest outdoor game ever played used a game board 300 metres by 220 metres. The biggest game to take place inside used a board 35 metres square.
Since 1935, the makers have made very few changes to the excellent design of the first board. It's almost the same now as when Mr Darrow first invented the game.
Parker Brothers have made many other games but none has been as popular as Monopoly. The company is certainly very pleased that Charles Darrow asked them to produce the world's favourite board game.
9
• Cvičení
Read the text and answer the questions. Do not use more than three words in each answer. An example is given.
1 What is Monopoly? - A game.
2 In how many countries can you buy Monopoly?
3 Who invented Monopoly?
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4 Why were the company bosses not satisfied with the game?
5 Who bought the first sets of the game?
0- Klíč k řešení otázek
2 80, 3 Charles Darrow, 4 design problems, 5 the director of the company
Studijní materiály
BLOOM, B., SMIDOWICZ, V., City&Guilds International English for Speakers of Other Languages 3 Achiever Student's Book, 2005, s.168, ISBN: 9780851931630
E> Vyklad:
VERB TENSE REVISION
Revision of all tenses of English verbs with a brief explanation and an example.
(The verb 'play' is used as an example.)
Verb	Tense	Use	Example
I play	Present	Regular activities	Amy and Sue play tennis
	Simple	and routine	on Saturdays.
I am	Present	Continuous present	Amy   and   Sue are
playing	Continuous	action	playing at the moment.
I have	Present	1. Finished part of	1. Amy and Sue have
played	Perfect	continuous action.	played      two sets.
	Simple	2. Completed actions	2. They have played
		in unfinished time.	several  other matches
		3.    Recent events	this year.
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(unspecified time)
4. Past action with a result in the present.
5. Experiences up to now.
3. Their parents have just arrived.
4. Sue has broken her racket so she can't continue.
5. They have played in many tournaments.
I played       Past Simple
Finished actions at a specific time in the past.
Last Saturday Sue played in another tournament.
I
was
playing
Past
Continuous
Past continuous actions.
At 2.45 pm they were playing the second set.
I will Future play Simple
1. Predictions
2. Spontaneous decisions/offers
1. Amy will win the match today.
2. I'll lend you my
racket!
9
• Cvičení
1 - When I arrived home my flatmate made dinner
my flatmate started with dinner ^*  made dinner ^  was making dinner
•   2 - When I arrived home my flatmate was making dinner
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dinner was not finished yet my flatmate started with dinner dinner was already finished
-1 cleaned the dishes after we had our dinner
I cleaned the dishes immediately after we ate while after dinner I cleaned the dishes
- When I was finished with the kitchen we drank a glass of wine
we were finished with our glass
we started drinking wine while I was cleaning and were still busy by the time I was done we enjoyed a glass of wine as soon as the kitchen was clean
- When we said goodnight we had a good conversation
we were done talking and went to bed
we were not finished with our conversation
after saying goodnight our good conversation started
- When we said goodnight we were having a good conversation
we were not finished with our conversation
after saying goodnight our good conversation started
we were done talking and went to bed
- When I closed my room door my flatmate played some music
my flatmate put some music on for the first time
my flatmate stopped playing music before I closed my door
I could still hear the music playing, my flatmate did not stop
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0~" Klíč k řešení otázek
1 a, 2 a, 3 a, 4 c, 5 c, 6 a, 7 a
Studijní materiály
http://www.learn-english-today.com/lessons/lesson contents/verbs/verb tense-revision.html
https://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/a-pre-intermediate-lesson-some-past-tenses
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