Cizí jazyk IV
Studijní opora
Libuše Turínská
2017
v
České Budějovice
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1. vydání
© Vysoká škola technická a ekonomická v Českých Budějovicích, 2016
Vydala: Vysoká škola technická a ekonomická v Českých Budějovicích. Okružní 10, 370 01 České Budějovice
Za obsahovou a jazykovou správnost odpovídají autoři a vedoucí příslušných kateder.
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Cíl předmětu
Cílem předmětu je prohloubení jazykových dovedností a znalostí z úrovně B1+ na úroveň B 2 dle Společného evropského referenčního rámce prajazyky, rozšíření všeobecné slovní zásoby a dovedností v kategorii poslechu, čtení, konverzaci i písemném projevu.
Výstupy z učení
Absolvent předmětu rozumí mluveným projevům vztahujícím se k běžným problémům (televize, film), stejně jako většině psaných textů. Je schopen číst literatur psanou aktuálním jazykem. Absolvent je dále schopen plynule konverzovat s rodilým mluvčím v oblasti, která je mu známa a dokáže vyjádřit svůj postoj a názor na daný problém, dále vyjmenovat výhody a nevýhody toho kterého problému. Je také schopen napsat podobný text ze své oblasti a jasně vyjádřit jeho význam.
Základní okruhy studia
1) Životní styl; vyjádření množsví.
2) Volný čas; tvoření podstatných jmen pomocí přípon -ment, -ion, -ation, -al.
3) Rozdíly mezi muži a ženami; používání členů.
4) Svět práce; předložky pojící se se slovesy a příd.jmény.
5) Psaní CV; gerundium + infinitiv.
6) Kino, filmy; nepřímá řeč.
7) Nakupování; pasivum.
8) Slavné osobnosti; vztažné věty.
9) Pověry; třetí podmínka.
10) Vyprávění příběhu; tázací dovětky.
11) TV, média; frázová slovesa
12) Ekologické problémy, příroda; omluvy.
13) Sociální sítě; nepřímé otázky
Povinná literatura (minimálně dvě knihy)
• LATHAM-KOENIG, Christina. New English file: Intermediate. Studenťs book. Oxford University Press, 2009. ISBN 9780194518895.
• MURPHY, Raymond. English grammar in use: a self-study reference and practice book for intermediate learners of English : with answers. 4th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012, x, 380 s. ISBN 978-0-521-18906-4.
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Studijní průvodce
lilu
w - Klíčové pojmy
Cíle kapitoly Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly Výklad
•    - Úkoly k zamyšlení a diskuzi
- Klíč k řešení otázek M^J - Studijní materiály
v
Kapitola 1: Životní styl. Vyjádření množství.
Klíčové pojmy:
Quantifiers, countability, plural, too much, a lot of, enough
Cíle kapitoly:
■ Rozšíření slovní zásoby pro popis životního stylu,
■ Opakování pojmů počitatelnost a nepočitatelnost,
■ Vyjádření množství.
2 Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 4 hodin I=> Výklad:
Recharge your batteries
Working all year without a holiday is like driving a car for twelve months without changing the oil. You might keep on going but you are probably heading for a breakdown. Holidays are an easy way to recharge your batteries and prepare for the next challenge. But a recent study came up with an interesting finding - less than a third of Americans are planning to take a holiday the whole year.
It's certainly worth considering holiday time when you go looking for work, even if it may not be at the top of your list of items to ask about. While many job-seekers may feel very reluctant to mention holidays at interviews or during salary negotiations, some younger workers don't hesitate to negotiate extra free time. In fact, many of them negotiate additional weeks of holiday for a slightly lower salary. Time off is very important to them. They have come to expect it, they'll certainly take it, and they don't really care whether it offends their boss or not.
• Cvičení:
Rozhodněte, zda jsou tvrzení pravdivá či ne
1. You might work well without taking holiday.
2. It is possible to ask for additional weeks of holiday.
3. You shouldn't be shy to ask about holidays during job interviews.
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Klíč k řešení otázek
False True True
Studijní materiály:
CUNNINGHAM, Sara and Peter MOOR, 2005. New Cutting Edge Upper Intermediate, Student's Book. Longman, s.84. ISBN 0582 825253
Výklad:
Gramatika: Vyjadrení množství
Quantifiers
Large quantities:
a lot of, lots of - use in positive sentences
- both countable and uncountable nouns a lot - at the end of the sentence - He talks a lot. much, many - most negative sentences + questions
- much Uncountable nouns, many for countable nouns too much, too many - more than we need
plenty of = as much as we need or more: We've got plenty of time, enough - adequate quantity / quality
- use before a noun x after an adjective: We've got enough time.
He is tall enough.
Small quantities:
little, few, very little, very few = not much, not many
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- little - Uncountable nouns, few - countable nouns
Zero quantity - no, any
9
m Cvičeni:
Exercise:
Complete the right quantifier:
1. Have you got I        free time on Wednesday afternoon ?
2. Nobody can find out [ ] about when the exams should be.
3. I       J of Laura's friends were at the party last night.
4. I had three sets of house keys, and I can't find
5. Can I get you _coffee?
J for the exam yet.
of them now.
I haven't done
0- Klíč k řešení otázek
1 much, 2 much, 3 many, 4 any, 5 some, 6 much
Studijní materiály:
• LATHAM-KOENIG, Christina, 2009. New English file: Intermediate. Student's book. Oxford University Press, 2009. s. 138. ISBN 9780194518895.
• CUNNINGHAM, Sarah a Peter Moor, 2011. New Cutting Edge Upper Intermediate, Student's Book. Longman, s. 90 ISBN 0582 825253
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Kapitola 2: Volný čas, tvoření podstatných jmen pomocí přípon
Klíčové pojmy:
Leisure time, nouns, word formation, suffixes
Cíle kapitoly:
Rozšíření slovní zásoby k popisu trávení volného času,
Způsob tvoření a odvozování významu podstatných jmen pomocí přípon.
Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 4 hodiny
v
I=> Výklad:
Would you like to live in a "Slow City"?
The idea of "Cittoslow" or "Slow Cities" was inspired by the Slow Food movement and it was started by the mayor of the small Italian town of Greve in Chianti. The aim of Slow Cities is to make our towns places where people enjoy living and working, and where they value and protect the things that make the town different. Towns which want to become a slow city have to reduce traffic and noise, increase the number of green areas, plant trees, build pedestrain zones and promote local business and traditions.
Many other small towns in Italy have joined the movement and it has spread to toehr countries all over the world, from the UK to Japan and Australia. Aylsham in the UK recentl became a Slow City, and most people are delighted.
"Slow Cities"are about having a community life in the town, so people don't come home from work, shut their doors and that's it," said a local resident. "It is not "slow" as in "stupid", it is "slow" as in the opposite of "frantic" and "stressful". It is about quality of life." But not everybody in Aylsham is happy.For teenagers, who have to go 25 km to Norwich, the nearest city, to buy traiers or CDs, living in a Slow City is not very attractive. "It's all right here," says Lewis Cook, 16. "But if you want excitement, you have to go to Norwich. We need more things here for young people."
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9
• Cvičeni:
Rozhodněte, zda jsou tvrzení pravdivá či ne:
1. All people are happy to live in a "Slow City".
2. To become a "Slow City", it is necessary only to reduce traffic.
3. The idea of Slow Cities reflects the overall quality of life.
Klíč k řešení otázek
1. F
2. F
3. T
SB Studijní materiály:
•   LATHAM-KOENIG, Christina, 2009. New English file: Intermediate. Student's book. Oxford University Press, 2009. p. 171. ISBN 9780194518895
S> Výklad:
Tvoření podstatných jmen pomocí přípon: Nouns are often formed from: Verbs - using sufix -ment, -ion, -ation, -al Adjectives - by adding —ness, -ity
Examples:
Verbs:   Communicate - communication Approve - approva/ Excite - excitement Adjectives: mad - madness
- sometimes changes in spelling occur: HAPPY - happiness, curious - curiosity
• Cvičeni
Make nouns:
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Verbs + adjectives	Noun
Discuss	
govern	
happy	
mad	
move	
organize	
possible	
propose	
react	
relax	
similar	
survive	
0- Klíč k řešení otázek
Verbs + adjectives	Noun
Discuss	discussion
govern	government
happy	Happiness
mad	Madness
move	Movement
organize	Organization
possible	Possibility
propose	Proposal
react	reaction
relax	Relaxation
similar	Similarity
survive	survival
Studijní materiály:
LATHAM-KOENIG, Christina, 2009. New English file: Intermediate. Student's book. Oxford University Press, 2009. p. 71. ISBN 9780194518895
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Kapitola 3: Rozdíly mezi muži a ženami, používání členů
Klíčové pojmy:
difference, gender, determinate and indeterminate article, countability
Cíle kapitoly:
■ Popis rozdílů, uvádění výhod a nevýhot,
■ Opakování základních pravidel pro používání členů, zero article,
Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 5 hodin
S> Vyklad:
Gender gaps on the brain (Men vs women)
Did you know that women's brains are smaller than men's? The average male brain weighs about 1.3 kilograms, while the average female brain weighs ten percent less. Since research has consistently shown that the bigger the b rain, the cleverer the animal, men must be more intelligent than women. Right?
Wrong. Men and women consistently score similarly on intelligence tests, despite the difference in brain size. Scientists have wondered why for years, but now a team of researchers may have come up with the answer. It's not just the assize of the brain, they say, it's what's inside that counts. The brain consists of "grey matter" (the part of the brain that helps us think) and "white matter" (the part that helps us transfer information). And while men have more of the latter, the amount of "thinking" brain is almost exactly the same in both sexes.
It has been suggested that, in case of human brains, smaller may also mean "more efficient", perhaps because the two sides of the brain appear to be better connected in women. This means that little girls tend to learn to speak earlier, and that adult women can absorb all sorts of information from different sources at the same time, making them more adept at multitasking. When it comes to talking to the boss on the phone, cooking dinner and keeping an
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eye on the baby all at the same time, it's women who come out on top every time. Men seem to do better tackling one job at a time.
There are other important differences that distinguish male and female brains. White matter is the key to spatial tasks - knowing where things are in relation to other things - and men consistently do better on this kind of exercise. "Spatial abilities are a big part of sport," says one researcher. "A great soccer player, for instance, always knows where he is in relation to the other players. It's not just perhaps knowing where to go - or at least thinking they know -also explains one of life's great mysteries: why men refuse to ask for directions ... and women often need to!
The differences, according to researchers, begin in the womb. At about nine weeks old, differences in testosterone levels mean that male foetuses begin to develop a male brain and females a female brain. The results can be seen in the behaviour of children as young as one. In one experiment, when a barrier was put between the toddlers and their mothers, the typical boy tried to climb the barrier or push it down. And the girl's strategy? To show distress and attract help from another person.
In adult life, these brain differences are clearly reflected in the career choices men and women make. 85 percent of the architects in the USA and 90 percent of the mechanics are men: both jobs which require good spatial skills. Meanwhile, 94 percent of speech therapists are women. It may all go back to our ancestors, according to Dr Helen Fisher, an expert in gender differences. "In prehistoric times, women needed verbal and emotional skills to control and educate their babies, while men needed spatial skills to hunt. We've got a very old brain in a very modern culture."
If all this depresses you, it shouldn't. As biologist Anne Fausto-Sterling, points out, "Just because we say we are born a certain way, we shouldn't close down possibilities. For every male or female who is "stereotypical", I can think of another who isn't. The brain is not static. It changes throughout our lives according to what we do with it."
9
• Cviceni
True or false?
1. Women's brains are smaller than men's.
2. Men are more clever than women.
3. women are better at multi-tasking.
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O"" Klíč k řešení otázek
Key: 1 T, 2 F, 3T
bid Studijní materiály:
CUNNINGHAM, Sarah a Peter Moor, 2011. New Cutting Edge Upper Intermediate, Student's Book Longman, ISBN 0582 825253
l=> Vyklad:
Articles Articles:
a/ an - indefinite article
use: the first time you mention a thing / person
instead of „one"
in exclamations What a...!
only with countable nouns in singular
the - definite article
use: when talking about something already mentioned
when there's only one of something (the Sun, the Earth) when it's clear what you are referring to: he opened the door. Places in a town - cinema, theatre With superlatives
Zero article:
Speaking in general: Women talk more than men. With some nouns - at school, at home, at work Before means, days and months
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Before next, last + days, week etc.
Studijní materiály:
• MURPHY, Raymond. 2012. English grammar in use: a self-study reference and practice book for intermediate learners of English : with answers. 4th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012, x, 380 s. s. 139 - 163. ISBN 978-0-521-18906-4.
• CUNNINGHAM, Sarah a Peter Moor, 2011. New Cutting Edge Upper Intermediate, Student's Book. Longman, s.66. ISBN 0582 825253
• Cvičení
Complete a/ an, the or zero article:
1. Q: Is dad picking us up today?
A: Nope,__mom's picking us up.
r
NO ARTICLE
C
a
C
the
2. Q: Who's that?
A: That's
guy I told you about last week.
C
a
C
the
r
NO ARTICLE
3. Q: Why are you so upset? A: I'm not upset. You're_
one who's upset.
C
the
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o
a
r  NO ARTICLE
4- Q-'Is Ms_bad time? Should I call you later?
A: Yes, please call me in 30 minutes.
r the
f    NO ARTICLE C
a
5. Q: We'll never make it on time!
A: Sure we will! I know_shortcut.
r the
r
a
r  NO ARTICLE
0- Klíč k řešení otázek
Key: 1 no article, 2 the, 3 the, 4 no article, 5 a
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Studijní materiály:
MURPHY, Raymond. English grammar in use: a self-study reference and practice book for intermediate learners of English : with answers. 4th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012, x, 380 s. ISBN 978-0-521-18906-4.
LATHAM-KOENIG, Christina, 2009. New English file: Intermediate. Student's book. Oxford University Press, 2009. p. 171. ISBN 9780194518895
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Kapitola 4: Svět práce; vazba used to
Klíčové pojmy: Jobs, job market, employment, verbs, used to
Cíle kapitoly:
Osvojení si slovní zásoby na téma zaměstnanost a kariéra Předložkové vazby u sloves a přídavných jmen
Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 4 hodiny
E> Vyklad:
How to create good impression at your first interview
With unemployment so high, and often scores of applicants chasing every job, you have to count yourself lucky to be called for an interview. If it'ms your first, you're bound to be nervous (in fact if you're not nervous, maybe your attitude is wrong!) but don't let the jitters side-track you from the main issue - which is getting this job. The only way you can do that is by creating a good impression on the person who is interviewing you.
1. Find out as much as you can about the job beforehand. Ask the job centre or employment agency for as much information as possible.
2. Walk into the interview chewing gum, sucing on a sweet or smoking.
3. Jot down your qualifications and experience and think about how they relate to the job. Why should the employer employ you and not somebody else?
4. Choose your interview clothing with care: no one is going to employ you if you look as though you've wantedred out of a disco. Whether you like it or not, appeareance counts.
5. Make sure you know where the interview office is and how to get there.
6. Be on time, or better, a few minutes early.
7. Bring with you any school certificates, samples of your work or letters of recommendation from your teachers or anyone else you might have worked part-time for.
8. Bring a pen; you will probably be asked to fill in an application form. Anssweer all the questions as best looking at the application during the interview+ he or she must be able to read it.
9. Have a light meal to eat, and go to the toilet. If you don't you may well be thinking about your insides during the interview.
10. Have a drink beforehand to give you courage
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Studijní materiály:
JONES, LEO, 1997. New progress to first certificate, Student's Book. CUP, s.116. ISBN 0 521 499852
9
• Cviceni
Read the article and then decide which of the points are dos and which are don'ts.
Klíč k řešení otázek
Do: 1,3,4,5,6, 7, 8,9 Don't: 2, 10
Výklad:
Used to:
Forma: Slovosled ve větě:
Kladná oznamovací věta: Podmět + used to + významové sloveso:
We       used to be friends.
Záporná věta: Podmět + pomocné sloveso DID + not + USE TO + sloveso.
We didn't used to befriends.
Otázka: Pomocné sloveso DID + podmět + sloveso...?
Did you        used to be friends?
Použití: pravidelná, opakovaná minulost, v okamžiku promluvy většinou již neplatná
! nemožné použít s jednorázovým vyjádřením minulosti - in 1978, yesterday, last week
etc.
9
• Cvičeni
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Give your answers to the 'Used to' Reading here: •   1 - "I used to_on a farm..."
r
live living
• 2 - "I used to_kilometres on dirt roads..."
drive *~ driving
• 3 - "I am so used to_to all the shops..."
f walking walk
•   4 - "...I can almost not imagine the lifestyle that I used to_!"
*~ have having
0- Klíč k řešení otázek
Key: 1 live, 2 drive, 3 walking, 4 have
H=d Studijní materiály:
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•   MURPHY, Raymond. English grammar in use: a self-study reference and practice book for intermediate learners of English : with answers. 4th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012, x, 380 s.p. 36 - 37. ISBN 978-0-521-18906-4.
1. JONES, Leo, 1997. New progress to first certificate, Student's Book. CUP, 1997, ISBN 0 521 499852
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Kapitola 5: Psaní C V; gerundium a infinitiv
Klíčové pojmy:
biography, CV, gerund, infinitive
Cíle kapitoly:
■ Nácvik psaní strukturovaného životopisu v angličtině
■ Doporučení pro vytvoření kvalitního životopisu
■ Rozdíl v použití gerundia a infinitivu po slovesech
Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 5 hodin
I=> Vyklad:
cv
Writing an up-to-date and relevant CV (Curriculum Vitae) is an important first step when job hunting. These guidelines for writing your CV, also known as a resume, include information about structure, content and layout.
Writing a good DV can be challenging. The skills or experience needed for each application may differ. You should adapt your CV for each position you apply for to make sure the relevant skills are highlighted and the tone is right. It's important to get things such as layout and content right as your CV may be the only information a potential employer has about you. When structuring your content it is worth remembering that employers have very little time to read CVs. They have to scan a large number of CVs so keep key information relevant to the job at the beginning of the CV. The Key Skills section should relate directly to what the employer is looking for. If your work experience is relevant, position this section before the Education section.
You should keep your CV concise and relevant. It should not be longer than 2 pages - in fact sometimes you may be requested to send a 1 page CV, which can be hard to produce. Try to
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avoid using long paragraphs; bullet points help you highlight key information and make it easier to read.
In terms of personal details, include your name, mobile number and email address at the top of the CV. You do not have to give your full address but stating the town or area helps potential employer know where you are based. If you have a Linkedln profile, consider adding it here. You don't need to provide either your date of birth or your photo. Write your qualifications in reverse chronological order, listing the most recent first. List each qualification together with the date they were awarded and the institution you attended. Do the same with your work experience. Include the dates of employment, the name of the company and your role with clear descriptions of duties. Focus on those that relate to the job you are applying for.
Add your IT skills, languages or any other skills that are relevant to the role you are applying for. Include activities and interests that directly or indirectly relate to your industry here. At the very end of your CV you should write "References available on request". Two references are standard. If you do not have 2 work references, ask a college tutor to write one.
SH Studijní materiály:
http://www.arts.ac.uk/student-iobs-and-careers/get-iobs-advice/how-to-write-a-cv/
9
• Cvičeni
True or false?
1. You have to include your full address in your CV
2. The longer the CV, the better.
3. Education and Work Experience sections should be listed in reverse chronological order.
0- Klíč k řešení otázek
1 F, 2 F, 3 T
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I=> Výklad:
Infinitive:
1. After some verbs: want, would like to, decide, try, need, promise, pretend I want..............(tell) you something important. - I want to tell you something important.
1. After adj ectives:
Př. Je těžké nad tím nepřemýšlet. - It is difficult not to think about it. Je možné platit kartou. - It is possible to pay with credit card.
1. Infinitive of purpose:
I want you...............(help) me- ~ I want you to help me.
I study English...............(be able to) help my son with his homework.
I study English to be able to help my son with his homework.
Exercise:
1. The Bank manager didn't want.................(lend) me more money.
2. Jerry advised me......................(not, send) the letter.
3. She agreed................(teach) me German.
4. I have promised...............(buy) her a new dress.
5. It's not possible.................(get) there in time.
6. He is a very difficult person.................. (work) with.
GErund (-ing form) Use:
1. After some verbs: love, like, hate, look forward to, stop, mind, enjoy
Př. I really like..............(be) alone sometimes.        I really like being alone sometimes.
I am looking forward to..............(hear) from you.   I am looking forward to hearing
from you.
1. After prepositions:I can understand it without...............(use) a dictionary. - I can
understand it without using.....
I'm thinking of................(go) to the sea this year. - I'm thinking of going to the
sea this year
2. As a noun: Swimming is good for your health. Learning vocabulary is not very interesting.
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9
• Cvičení
Infinitive or gerund?
1. I don't want (go) out tonight.
2. She avoided (tell) him about her plans.
3. I would like (come) to the party with you.
4. He enjoys (have) a bath instead of shower in the evening.
5. She kept (talk) during the film.
6. I am learning (speak) English.
7. Do you mind (give) me a hand?
8. She helped me (carry) my suitcases.
9. I've finished (cook) - come and eat!
10. He decided (study) biology.
0~" Klíč k řešení otázek
1 to go, 2 telling, 3 to come, 4 having, 5 talking, 6 to speak, 7 giving, 8 carry, 9 cooking, 10 to study
3 Studijní materiály:
MURPHY, Raymond. English grammar in use: a self-study reference and practice book for intermediate learners of English : with answers. 4th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012, x, 380 s.p. 128 - 1367. ISBN 978-0-521-18906-4.
http://www.arts.ac.uk/student-iobs-and-careers/get-iobs-advice/how-to-write-a-cv/
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Kapitola 6: Kino, filmy; nepřímá řeč
Klíčové pojmy:
Film, direct speech, reported speech, tenses
Cíle kapitoly:
■ Prohloubení slovní zásoby na téma filmy, herci, popis filmu
■ Pravidla pro převádění přímé řeči v nepřímou, pravidla časové souslednosti
2 Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 5 hodin E> Výklad:
Rowan Atkinson: a Comic Legend
He was recently voted the fourth most-recognized British person in the world - but while millions know him as the rubber-faced Mr. Bean, much less is known about the life of Rowan Atkinson, the actor who created the character and who has played many other TV and film roles including the nervous priest in "Four Weddings and a Funeral" and the inept secret agent, Johnny English.
After leaving school, he studied electrical engineering at Newcastle University and then went on to Oxford to do a Master's Degree. There, he began to take comedy more seriously, appearing in a number of comedy productions and at the Edinburgh Festival. His appearances on TV in the popular comedy series "Not the Nine O'Clock News" helped him to get his first film role in 1983 in the James Bond film "Never say Never Again". But he was unknown outside the UK until he developed the character of Mr Bean who, he says, is based on himself at the age of ten. The TV programmes have been shown in eighty countries and in 1997 the feature film "Bean: The Movie" became the second biggest-earning British film ever.
Despite his worldwide fame, Atkinson avoids publicity, rarely appearing in public and almost never giving interviews. He lives with his wife Sunetra and their two children, and little is known of his private life - apart from his love of classic racing cars. As he says about himself, "I am essentially a rather quiet, dull person who just happens to be a performer."
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L=i=J Studijní materiály:
CUNNIGHAM, Sara and Peter MOOR. New Cutting Edge Upper Intermediate, Student's Book, Longman, s. 45. ISBN 0582 825253
9
• Cvičeni
True or False?
1. At the beginning of his career, Atkinson was known only in Britain.
2. He plays in series only.
3. Atkinson likes talking about his private life.
Klíč k řešení otázek
Key: 1 T, 2 F, 3 F
I=> Výklad:
• Direct speech: I like ice cream.
• Reported speech: She said (that) she liked ice cream.
Tense	Direct Speech	Reported Speech
present simple	I like ice cream	She said (that) she liked ice cream.
present continuous	I am living in London	She said (that) she was living in London.
past simple	I bought a car	She said (that) she had bought a car OR She said (that) she bought a car.
past continuous	I was walking along the street	She said (that) she had been walking along the street.
present perfect	I haven't seen Julie	She said (that) she hadn't seen Julie.
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past perfect*	I had taken English lessons before	She said (that) she had taken English lessons before.
will	I'll see you later	She said (that) she would see me later.
would*	I would help, but.."	She said (that) she would help but...
can	I can speak perfect English	She said (that) she could speak perfect English.
could*	I could swim when I was four	She said (that) she could swim when she was four.
shall	I shall come later	She said (that) she would come later.
should*	I should call my mother	She said (that) she should call her mother
might*	I might be late	She said (that) she might be late
must	I must study at the weekend	She said (that) she must study at the weekend OR She said she had to study at the weekend
• Cvičení
Finish the reported speech.
She lives near here. I don't know....................................
Does she study at university? I'd like to know....................
Where were they last night? I wonder..............................
Switch on the light, please. I'd like you............................
Don't drink alcohol before you drive. She is always asking him
0- Klíč k řešení otázek
1. Finish the reported speech.
She lives near here. I don't know that she lives near here.
Does she study at university? I'd like to know if she studies at university.
Where were they last night? I wonder where they were last night.
Switch on the light, please. I'd like you to switch on the light.
Don't drink alcohol before you drive. She is always asking him not to drink alcohol
before he drives.
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Studijní materiály:
MURPHY, Raymond. English grammar in use: a self-study reference and practice book for intermediate learners of English : with answers. 4th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012, x, 380 s.p. 94 - 97. ISBN 978-0-521-18906-4.
LATHAM-KOENIG, Christina, 2009. New English file: Intermediate. Student's book. Oxford University Press, 2009. p. 140. ISBN 9780194518895
CUNNINGHAM, Sarah a Peter Moor, 2011. New Cutting Edge Upper Intermediate, Student's Book. s. 71. Longman, ISBN 0582 825253
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Kapitola 7: Nakupování; pasivum
Klíčové pojmy:
Shopping, types of shops, verbs, active and passive voice
Cíle kapitoly:
■ Rozšíření slovní zásoby na téma nakupování
■ Rozdíly v použití aktiva a pasiva
2 Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 4 hodiny I=> Výklad:
Making a complaint
A As the machine was no longer under guarantee, Mr Thomas called a local repairer. He charged him 45 pounds to look at it and then told him that he would need to spend 650 pounds plus VAT for a new part. Then he took the laptop to a well-known computer retailer - and they told him to buy a new one!
B Another customer's experience shows that it's worth complaining to the top people of a company if the local company staff are unhelpful.
C Four days later, someone called me to say the DVD recorder was waiting for me and I could collect 10 recordable DVD discs to compensate for my waster time, he says. And when I collected them I was treated like royalty.
D Mark Oakley from Norfolk wanted to buy a recordable DVD player. At his local branch of Argos, a shop which sells electrical goods, they told him that they didn't have the one he wanted in stock, but that they were expecting a deliver „soon". However, when he went back, it still hadn't arrived.
E Is it really worth complaining when goods or services are not satisfactory? According to a new report from the consumer magazine Which? it certainly is. As they point out, the old saying If you don't ask, you don't get" is true for many situations, but particularly so when it comes to compensation. Take the case of Mike Thomas from Cornwall. He bought a Toshiba laptop computer, but just three years later he found that it was getting slower and slower.
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F He returned twice more over the following weeks but each time they told him to come back in a week. He started phoning and trying to reserve the machine instead. But after several weeks of phoning unsuccessfully, Mr Oakley lost patience and wrote to the managing director of Argos.
G However, Mr Thomas still felt that his computer should not be out of date after just three years. He decided to write a letter of complaint to Toshiba. A short time later, the company collected the laptop, diagnosed a software problem, repaired it, and returned it with a new battery, all without charge. „Fd call that outstanding service," said Mr. Thomas.
• Cviceni
Arrange the paragraphs in the right order 1-7
Klíč k řešení otázek
1 E, 2 A, 3 G, 4 B, 5 D, 6 F, C
bis Studijní materiály:
LATHAM-KOENIG, Christina, 2009. New English file: Intermediate. Student's book. Oxford University Press, 2009. p. 86. ISBN 9780194518895
E> Výklad:
Passive voice: Structure:
be (in the right tense) + past participle
Use of Passive
Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.
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Example: My bike was stolen.
	Present simple	Present progressive	Past simple	Present perfect s.	Future (will)
Build (houses)	Houses are built	Houses are being built.	Houses were built.	Houses have been built	Houses will be built
Play (game)	Game is played	Game is being played.	Game was played	Game has been played	Game will be played.
9
• Cvičeni
1. Put the verbs into the correct form of passive.
The last crisis.......................within more countries, (share, past simple)
Each phase of the crisis..................................by typical features, (characterise,
present simple)
The consequences of the crisis..........................................with for many years.
(deal, present progressive)
National economies.....................................by the crisis, (affect, future)
Klíč k řešení otázek
Key: was shared, is characterised, is being dealt, will be affected
Studijní materiály:
•   LATHAM-KOENIG, Christina, 2009. New English file: Intermediate. Student's book.
Oxford University Press, 2009. p. 86. ISBN 9780194518895
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•   LATHAM-KOENIG, Christina, 2009. New English file: Intermediate. Student's book. Oxford University Press, 2009. p. 140. ISBN 9780194518895
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Kapitola 8: Slavné osobnosti; vztažné věty
Klíčové pojmy:
Stalking, celebrities, relative pronouns, relative clauses
Cíle kapitoly:
Osvojení si slovní zásoby vztahující se k světu bulváru a celebrit Pravidla pro vztažné věty
Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 5 hodin
E> Výklad:
Stalking the stars
Stardom has always guaranteed wealth and abundant media attention, but now, it seems, it attracts something more sinister: stalkers. Stalkers are fans whose relationship with their idol becomes obsessive: they know everything there is to know, including where the celebrities live, where they go to relay and how they spend their days. But some go even further than that. In January this year, a woman was arrested after she was found in actor Brad Pitt's Santa Monica home. She wanted to be close to him and dressed up and slept in his clothes. But this is just another list in a long list of similar cases: Madonna, Nicole Kidman, Steven Spielberg and Ricky Martin are just a few of the stars who have been targeted in recent years. Celebrity stalking is not new, but the issue came to the world's attention in 1980 when Mark David Chapman shot John Lennon and later said: "I was Mr Nobody until I killed the biggest somebody on earth." The tactics used by celebrity stalkers can vary, from sending letters, to a full scale break-in of their home.
Dr Sandy Wolfson, Lecturer in Psychology at the University of Northumbria, believes that the seeds of stalking are deep-rooted and that it may only take something small - like a family row - to push a potentially obsessive fan over the edge. She adds, "When an obsessed fan becomes violent, it is because something has made them lose their grip on reality and control of what is happening around them." However, most fans, says Dr Wolfson are level-headed, responsible individuals.
It seems that stalking can happen to all sorts of people in all walks of life. In the UK, more
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than 2,500 stalking cases were brought before the courts and research carried out in the USA estimated that over one million women and 370,000 men were stalked each year.
9
• Cvičení
True or False?
1. Women are victims of stalkers more often than men.
2. The definition of stalking is to be obssessive about a famous celebrity.
3. John Lennon was killed by a stalker.
0~" Klíč k řešení otázek
1 T, 2 F, 3 T
bid Studijní materiály:
CUNNINGHAM, Sarah a Peter Moor, 2011. New Cutting Edge Upper Intermediate, Student's Book. s.58. Longman, ISBN 0582 825253
Výklad:
Relative clauses:
- used to join two sentences or to give more information about sth
I bought a new car. It is very fast.
—► I bought a new car that is very fast.
She lives in New York. She likes living in New York. —> She lives in New York, which she likes.
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Defining and Non-defining relative clauses
1) defining: tells which noun we are talking about. It's not separated with comma: I like the woman who lives next door.
2) non-defining: gives us extra information about something: I live in London, which has some fantastic parks.
conjunctions used: who - for people which - for things that - people + things where - for places
1. I'm looking for a secretary who / that can use a computer well.
2. She has a son who / that is a doctor.
3. We bought a house which / that is 200 years old.
4. I sent a letter which / that arrived three weeks later.
Prepositions and relative clauses
If the verb in the relative clause needs a preposition, we put it at the end of the clause: For example: listen to
The music is good. Julie listens to the music.
—> The music (which / that) Julie listens to is good.
Cvičení
1. We spent our holiday in Scotland last year. Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. Last year we
2. People live in Scotland. They are called Scots. The people \
3. We first went to Edinburgh. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland. We first r
4. Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh. He wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories. Arthur Conan Doyle T
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5.
Then we visited a lake. It is in the Highlands.
The lake
0-
Klíč k řešení otázek
1. We spent our holiday in Scotland last year. Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. Last year we spent our holidays in Scotland, which is in the north of Great Britain.
2. People live in Scotland. They are called Scots. The people who live in Scotland are called Scots„
We first went to Edinburgh. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.
3. We first went to Edinburgh, which is the capital of Scotland.
4. Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh. He wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories. Arthur Conan Doyle , who wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories, was born in Edinburgh. Then we visited a lake. It is in the Highlands.
5. The lake we then visited is in the Highlands.
Studijní materiály:
https://www.e-grammar.org/relative-clauses/
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Kapitola 9: Pověry; třetí podmínka
4í Klíčové pojmy:
Superstitioons, third conditional, past perfect, past conditional
Cíle kapitoly:
■ Osvojení si slovní zásoby na téma pověry a lidové zvyky
■ Prezentace pravidel tvoření třetího typu podmínkových vět
Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 5 hodin I=> Výklad:
Superstitions
Superstitions can be defined as, "irrational beliefs, especially with regard to the unknown" (Collins English Dictionary)
They cause us to act in strange ways, believe in odd things and leave us unable to explain the reasons why.
Many superstitions may seem silly, even stupid to us today, but they continue to influence our behaviour and many people would argue that there are in fact some very good reasons for avoiding black cats and walking around ladders.
Common Superstitions Explained
In most cases, the reasons behind common superstitions can be traced back to medieval or even ancient times. They are quite often even more peculiar than the beliefs they attempt to explain.
Black cats are the source of literally hundreds of unlucky superstitions. It's a sign of bad luck if they walk in front of you. It's unlucky to step on their tails. They even bring bad luck into a house if they sneeze inside!
This unfortunate connection with misfortune dates back to the Middle Ages when they became associated with witches and were thought to harbour evil spirits.
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There are very practical reasons for thinking twice before walking under a ladder, but a more mysterious explanation can be traced back to ancient Egypt. The early Egyptians believed that the shape of the Pyramids had a special power. It was considered very bad luck to break the 'power' of this shape and that's exactly what walking under a ladder would do!
In Roman times people had the habit of looking at their reflections in pools of water. Some believed that these reflections were in fact 'glimpses of the soul'. Any disruption to the water, such as a stone being thrown into the pool, would bring bad luck to the person looking in. This superstition lives on with the fear of bad luck from breaking a mirror.
Group Superstitions
Certain groups of people involved with dangerous or unpredictable activities tend to be very superstitious indeed.
Actors: There are lots of Do's and Don'ts to be followed backstage in the theatre.
One of the biggest Don'ts concerns the name of Macbeth, one of Shakespeare's most famous plays. If anyone says the name backstage then the cast will have all sorts of unlucky problems and the show will certainly fail. Also, actors never wish each other, 'good luck' before a performance as it might have the opposite effect. It's safer to tell an actor heading for the stage to, 'break a leg'!
Sailors: Long, dangerous journeys on wild and unpredictable oceans have made sailors very aware of lucky and unlucky signs. Bad luck is caused by stepping on board a ship with your left foot, starting a cruise on Friday and throwing stones into the sea. Good luck will follow a ship if there are dolphins swimming nearby or there is a naked woman on board! Think about the figureheads on old sailing boats with a naked woman at the front, calming the seas.
Athletes: The great Michael Jordan wore his old college shorts underneath his Chicago Bulls uniform for an extra bit of good fortune on the court and Tiger Woods favours wearing the colour red on Sundays for similarly superstitious reasons. Amateur golfers can have a successful day on the course if they start their round with odd numbered clubs and don't use balls with numbers higher than 4! It's also lucky to set out on a rainy day, but definitely not okay to borrow your partner's umbrella.
Football players don't let the side down and have numerous eccentricities of their own. West Hams' ex-player Paolo Di Canio always puts his shin pads on his left leg first. Steven Gerrard and the Liverpool players like to touch the, 'This is Anfield' sign in the tunnel on their way to the pitch, but nothing tops Chelsea's ex-player Eidur Gudjohnsen, who goes to the loo just after
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the warm up, kisses his shirt twice (for two goals) and says a prayer thanking God for his health and the health of his teammates as he runs onto the field!
Global Superstitions
Finally, here are a few curious beliefs from around the world.
If you don't cover your bald head it will start raining. - Afghanistan
If you shave your head on a Saturday, you will be in perpetual debt. - Africa
You'll 'cut off fortune if you use scissors on New Year's Day. - China
You shouldn't wash your hair the day before an exam. - Russia
If you go to the bathroom in the night with no clothes on, insects will fall on you. - Japan
9
• Cvičeni
True or false?
1. Seeing a black cat always means bad luck.
2. Shaving your head on Saturday means you'll lack money in Africa
3. Sailors always try to step on the board of the ship with their left foot.
Klíč k řešení otázek
1 F, 2 T, 3 T
Studijní materiály:
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/magazine/superstitions
Eř Výklad:
Třetí podmínka.
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- tzv. nereálná podmínka, v minulosti
- český překlad Kdyby byl býval
Vzor: If + past perfect, would have + past participle
If I'd known about the meeting, I would have gone. Využití:
Imaginární situace v min. která se neodehrála.
Yesterday I got up late and missed my train. If I hadn't got up so late, I wouldn't have missed my train. (But I did)
• Cvičení
1. I didn't see you when you passed me int he street. If I ............... you, I............
hello, (see, say)
2. Sam got to the station just in time to catch the train to the airport. If he..............late,
he.............the train, (be, miss)
3. I'm glad you reminded me about Rachel's birthday. I ..........., if you .............
(forget, not remind)
4. I wanted to send you an email, but I didn't have your email address. If I............, I
...............you an email (have, send)
5. I wasn't tired last night. If I............., I..................home earlier (be, go)
Klíč k řešení otázek
1 had see, would have said, 2 had been, would have missed, 3 would have forgotten, hadn't remind, 4 had had, would have sent, 5 had been tired, would have gone
Studijní materiály:
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• LATHAM-KOENIG, Christina, 2009. New English file: Intermediate. Student's book. Oxford University Press, 2009. p. 142. ISBN 9780194518895
• MURPHY, Raymond. English grammar in use: a self-study reference and practice book for intermediate learners of English : with answers. 4th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012, s. 81. ISBN 978-0-521-18906-4.
Kapitola 10 Vyprávění příběhu; tázací dovětky.
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Klíčové pojmy:
Storytelling, sequence of tenses, questions, question tags, auxiliary verb
"Wei
Cíle kapitoly:
Procvičování vyprávění příběhu Tvorba a význam tázacích dovětků
Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 5 hodin Výklad:
It happened at about 6.00 yesterday evening, while I was coming home from work. Whenever I can, I walk to work, except when it's raining. Anyway, I was coming down Station Road, and just as I was walking past number 38,1 heard a noise. It was such a loud noise that I stopped. It sounded as if a chest of drawers had been knocked over. I know that a lot of old people live alone on this street so naturally I was a little concerned. At first, I didn't know what to do. I went up to the front door and listened to see if I could hear anything. The front door was ajar, so I pushed the door and went in. It was such dark that I couldn't see anything but my eyes soon got used to it.
I went into the dining room, and there on the floor was the body of an old man. He had been attacked. As soon as I saw him, I knelt down to feel his pulse.
Although he had been badly beaten up, he was still alive, fortunately. I went to look for a damp cloth so that I could bathe his wounds, then found his phone and dialled 999. Stayed with him until the ambulance arrived, and by the time the police came, he had woken up and was talking about the attack. He had been working in his garden when a man had jumped on him. He didn't see him, and he didn't hear him, either.
The old man is now in hospital and as soon as he takes things easy, he should make a complete recovery.
9
• Cvičeni
1. Was the door closed?
2. The man didn't survive.
3. The man was attacked when he was watching TV.
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Klíč k řešení otázek
Key: 1 No, 2 F, 3 F
BH Studijní materiály:
JONES, Leo, 1997. New progress to first certificate, Student's Book. s. 47. CUP, 1997, ISBN 0 521 499852
E> Výklad:
Tázací dovětky - question tags
1. Use
frequently used in spoken English when you want someone to agree or disagree
2. Form
• positive statement —► question tag negative —► You are Tom, aren't you?
• negative statement —► question tag positive —► He isn't Joe, is he?
3. Examples
3.1. with auxiliaries
• You've got a car, haven't you?
3.2. without auxiliaries (don't, doesn't, didn't)
• They play football on Sundays, don't they?
• She plays football on Sundays, doesn't she?
• They played football on Sundays, didn't they?
Questions tags are used to keep a conversation going. You can agree or refuse to a sentence with a question tag.
• Affirmative sentence: He is from Germany, isn't he?
• Negative sentence: He isn't from Germany, is he?
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Possible answers are Yes or No. If you use Yes, do not use contracted forms. If you use No, contracted form are possible.
• Yes, he is.
• No, he is not. or No, he isn't, or No, he's not. 4. Special points
4.1. Although the negative word not is not in the sentence, the sentence can be negative. Then we use the positive question tag.
• He never goes out with his dog, does he?
4.2. If have is a main verb in the sentence and refers to states, there are two possible sentences - We have a car,_?
• We have a car, haven't we? mostly British English
• We have a car, don't we? mostly American English
4.3. Use will/would with imperatives (Simple Present).
• Open the window, will you?
• Open the window, would you?
• Don't open your books, will you?
4.4. We use won't with a polite request.
• Open the window, won't you?
4.5. We use shall after Let's.
• Let's take the next bus, shall we?
4.6. Auxiliary must
We must be at home at 8 pm, mustn't we?
• Yes, we must.
• No, we needn't.
4.7. Personal pronoun /
I am late, aren't I?
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This form is commonly used (mostly informal). It is because there is no contracted form for am + not (amn't). Grammatically correct would be: am I not. This is only used in formal situations.
9	
r •	Cvičení
1.	You don't take sugar in your coffee,.....
2.	They're on holiday this week,...........?
3.	He can't be serious,..........?
4.	She eats meat,........?
5.	You won't be late,........?
6.	She was married to Tom Cruise,........?
7.	We've seen this film before,........?
8.	You didn't tell anybody, ........?
9.	You would like to come,........?
10. It's hot today,..........?	
0-" Klíč k řešení otázek
1 do you, 2 aren't they, 3 can he, 4 doesn't she, 5 will you, 6 wasn't she, 7 haven't we, 8 did you, 9 wouldn't you, 10 isn't it
Studijní materiály:
•   LATHAM-KOENIG, Christina, 2009. New English file: Intermediate. Student's book. Oxford University Press, 2009. p. 143. ISBN 9780194518895
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/qu tags.htm
Kapitola 11: TV, média; frázová slovesa
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Klíčové pojmy:
Massmedia, TV, radio, press, phrasals, particle
Cíle kapitoly:
■ Prohloubení si slovní zásoby na téma hromadné sdělovací prostředky
■ Vyjadřování vlastního názoru
■ Frázová slovesa
Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 5 hodin
I=> Vyklad:
Giving up TV
First of all, I have to admit the falseness of the title. You can't give up television. You might want to. You might try. You might even succeed for about twenty-four hours. But eventually you will go back. I know. I've spent the last three years trying to wean myself off the box in the corner.
It started simply. I have satellite TV, and therefore have, at the best guess, some 200 or so channels available, eighty percent being completely devoted to shopping. Of the remainder, some I felt I couldn't live without. There were channels offering comedy, a host of BBC entertainment programmes I had previously enjoyed, drama, a huge choice of instant headline news to gorge upon, historical documentaries...
Then one day I found, with an audible start, I had been sitting for an hour flicking listlessly through all seven million or so channels, resting on each programme for no more than thirty seconds or so.
A thought suddenly occurred to me. I was falling out of love with television. I've been in love with television now for almost my entire life. When I first fell in love, television needed frequent breaks from me. Then came twenty-four-hour television. The satellite revolution brought more delights I couldn't get enough of. More awful talk shows. More cheap adverts. More "straight to video" movies. A twenty-four-hour diet (though most go off between three and six a.m., thus giving me a chance to grab some sleep) of television without limits. And we both lived happily ever after.
Until that day, when I had wasted an hour of my life on television without actually finding anything to entertain, inform or educate me.
Never mind. The next night, I was back, lying in front of The Box in the corner, idly flicking. And finding nothing. At that point, I decided to give up television. It's been nice knowing you, but it's over. So long, and thanks for all the eyestrain.
But it isn't possible. I didn't manage to give up. But I did manage to detach. If I missed a programme I had read about I didn't mourn or worry. I let the programme go. Next, I gave up surfing. Easy. It was never rewarding - proof not only that television had fallen out of love with me at the same time I had fallen out of love with television, but that television had come to hate me personally. Finding other things to do was easy.
I went back to reading, devouring a whole book in an evening. Finally came news. I love news, possible more than I love television. So this was the hardest to give up. But television
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actually helped. Ceefax gave me instant, always-on news at any time, better written and more succinct than television or radio has ever managed.
But that leaves a single gap. The Simpsons. I can't tear that final link. The equivalent of keeping a wedding album years after the divorce is, for me, The Simpsons. Whilst every other programme has dropped away, The Simpsons remains. One day, I know I'll give that series up too. At that point television will be part of my history. I'll remain forever fond of the good times, and sour at how I was betrayed. But I'll be free. Some time after the next episode of The Simpsons.
• Cvičení
True or false?
1. the writer thinks it's not possible to give up TV completely.
2. He doesn't like the Simpsons at all.
3. Written news are better than TV or radio news.
0-" Klíč k řešení otázek
IT, 2 F, 3 T
bra Studijní materiály:
CUNNINGHAM, Sarah a Peter Moor, 2011. New Cutting Edge Upper Intermediate, Student's Book. Longman, s.46 ISBN 0582 825253
Výklad:
Frázová slovesa:
Frázové sloveso je sloveso ve sojení s částicí (příslovcem nebo předložkou), kt. mu dodávájiný význam
Význam: doslovný - sit down, stand up, come back
Přenesený - give up smoking, carry on talking
Frázová slovesa se rozdělují do skupin dle pozice předmětu:
1) Bez předmětu - hurry up, come on
2) Předmět v pozici za částicí - look after a baby, look forward to something
3) Předmět možný v pozic za slovesem - fill in this form - fill this form in
9
Cvičení
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Fill in the right particle:
I don't know where my book is. I must look........it.
Fill.......the form, please.
Quick, get.......the bus or you'll have to walk home.
The dinner was ruined. I had to throw it..........
When you enter the house, take.......your shoes and put some slippers
If you don't know this word, you can look it.......in a dictionary.
Put your shoes..........- it's too cold to walk around barefoot.
Could you write this word........for me, please?
0~" Klíč k řešení otázek
Key: for, in, on, away, off, on, up, on, down
Studijní materiály:
•   LATHAM-KOENIG, Christina, 2009. New English file: Intermediate. Student's book. Oxford University Press, 2009. s. 142. ISBN 9780194518895
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Kapitola 12: Ekologické problémy, příroda; sloveso get.
Klíčové pojmy:
Ecology, environment, endangered species, get
Cíle kapitoly:
• osvojení si slovní zásoby týkající se popisu problémů životního prostředí
• vazby se slovesem GET
a Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 3 hodiny Výklad:
WOLRDWIDE EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING
The most dramatic result of higher temperatures would be the rise in sea level. Climate change would also have far-reaching consequences. Some parts of the world would receive more rain than before: others, including the productive croplands of the Northern Hemisphere, very much less. Brazil
Coastal cities like Rio de Janeiro would experience severe flooding. The floods that swept through the slum district of Santa Teresa in 1988 were perhaps a foretaste of even greater destruction to come. Maldive Islands
Rising sea levels would have catastrophic consequences for low-lying islands. If the sea level rises by 3 metres, coral atolls like the Maldives will disappear completely beneath the waves. Carribean
Tropical storms would become far more frequent, inflicting greater damage than ever on the islands' houses and vegetation.
Cvičení
Choose the words which are related to ecological problems
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Klíč k řešení otázek
climate change, flooding, destruction
bid Studijní materiály:
CUNNINGHAM, Sarah a Peter Moor, 2011. New Cutting Edge Upper Intermediate, Student's Book. Longman, s.84. ISBN 0582 825253
E> Výklad:
GET Alone
Meaning To receive To earn
To bring or fetch
To understand
To be affected by, or catch
To catch or take
To communicate with
To have a strong effect on
To capture or seize
Example
I got a book for my birthday.
I get $7 an hour.
Can you get that book for me?
Do you get the lesson?
He got a cold last week.
I got the 4.55 train to New York.
I got him by phone.
That film really got me.
The police got him at the station.
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Cvičení
Get Quiz
Check your understanding of these various uses of 'get' by selecting the synonym closest in meaning to the original.
1. They got him by hacking into his smart phone, catch / capture / meet
2. I think it's time for us to get out of the shipping business, receive / leave / meet
3. I'm afraid I don't get the problem at all. be successful / understand / leave
4. My son got into Harvard last month, recover / be socially active / be accepted
5. Let's get together soon! escape / receive / meet
6. Could you get the paper for me? leave / exit / fetch
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7. How long did it take you to get over the flu? be accepted / recover from / return
8. How much do you get for teaching English? return / meet / earn
9. I wish he would get it together! improve / enter / earn
10. If you want to get ahead, you'll have to work hard! be accepted / be successful / meet
O-"    Klíč k řešení otázek
1. capture
2. leave
3. understand
4. be accepted
5. meet
6. fetch
7. recover from
8. earn
9. improve
10. be successful
bid Studijní materiály:
https://www.thoughtco.com/uses-of-get-1212313
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Kapitola 13:Sociální sítě, nepřímé otázky
Klíčové pojmy:
Social networks, facebook, twitter, risks, word order, question
Cíle kapitoly:
• slovní zásoba týkající se sociálních sítí
• popis rizik a výhod pojících se s používáním sociálních sítí
• slovosled v nepřímé otázce, používání pomocných sloves
Čas potřebný ke studiu kapitoly: 5 hodin I=> Výklad:
Sometimes a good idea can turn into something very bad. Social Networking is a good example of this. When it was created it was so that people could share thoughts and ideas with people and keep in touch with distant family. Then it evolved into the monster which is involved in every aspect of your life even if you choose not to use it.
How many times do potential employers base their hiring decisions on what they see on social media rather than on the resume? How many stories are there of people losing their jobs, health insurance coverage and even their relationships because of something on social media that seemed totally innocent at the time? It's obscene the level of personal privacy we have given up in the 21st century and I think most of us do not even realize it has happened. When we post on the internet we think we are safe and secure in our own living rooms or offices. Perhaps we are sitting in our underwear or in a proper business suit, it really doesn't matter. Why? It's because we are actually not in a safe and private place; we are actually in a very crowded room surrounded by people on all sides who may, or may not, be listening to our conversation.
Even those who are not on your circle lists (i.e.: Friends lists in Facebook, followers on Twitter, etc.) can still listen in to your conversations via wall posts, responses to other tweets, etc. Think of it this way; if you are in a restaurant with your spouse having a conversation over dinner it is reasonable to assume that if you are not a little more careful those at tables around you can still hear what you are saying correct? Same thing with social media, except it
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is not so much your volume as it is the 'where' and 'what' you are posting that matters more.
9
• Cvičeni
True or false?
1. There is nothing good about social networking.
2. Using social networking may lead to losing job.
3. Tweeting is private.
Klíč k řešení otázek
1 F, 2 T, 3 F
SB Studijní materiály:
https://turboťuture.com/internet/The-Dangers-of-Social-Networking-Why-you-need-to-be-careful
Vyklad:
What are Indirect Questions?
Direct questions: "Where's the bathroom?"
Indirect questions: more formal and polite
Example of an indirect question: "Could you tell me where the
bathroom is?"
Phrases for Indirect Questions
•   Could you tell me...
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• Do you know...
• I was wondering...
• Do you have any idea...
• I'd like to know...
• Would it be possible...
• Is there any chance...
Indirect questions do not use auxiliary do/ does / did
Word order in indirect questions = word order in affirmative sentences
• Cvičeni
Exercise: Make indirect questions:
1. Does Tom like Italian food?
2. Are your parents joining us for diner?
3. Do they speak English?
4. Has Barbara ever studied abroad?
5. Do you plan on travelling this summer?
0~" Klíč k řešení otázek
Indirect: Do you know if Tom likes Italian food?
Indirect: Could you tell me if your parents are joining us for dinner?
Indirect: I was wondering if they speak English.
Indirect: Do you have any idea if Barbara's ever studied abroad?
Indirect: I'd like to know if you plan on traveling this summer.
Studijní materiály:
•   MURPHY, Raymond. English grammar in use: a self-study reference and practice book for intermediate learners of English : with answers. 4th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012, x, 380 s. 98 - 101. ISBN 978-0-521-18906-4.
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