Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline and it is the oldest discipline after military engineering
It deals with the design, construction and maintenance of the physically and naturally built buildings

Civil engineering branches are:

• Environmental Engineering – it treats chemical, biological and thermal waste; it concentrates on e.g. water purification, waste water  and solid waste treatment, air pollution, hazardous waste management and it is also in charge of giving information on possible environmental consequences
• Geotechnical Engineering – this branch is based on the knowledge from geology, material science, mechanics and hydraulics; it focuses on economical foundations, retaining walls as well as similar structure designs
• Structural Engineering – it provides structural design and structural analysis of buildings ( bridges, towers, tunnels); next,  it identifies the kind of loads acting on structures and it takes into account   strength, stiffness and stability of the structures
• Transportation Engineering – the main emphasis is placed on moving people and goods efficiently; also it pays attention to  designing, constructing and maintaining of transportation infrastructure (streets, highways, rail systems, airports, ports and mass transit)
• Municipal Engineering – this branch of civil engineering deals with municipal infrastructure; it designs, constructs and maintains  pavements, water supply networks, sewers, street lighting, municipal solid waste management, public parks, bicycle paths
• Water Resource Engineering  -  it concerns collection and management of water;  the branch is connected with hydrology, environmental science, meteorology, geology, resource management; it is closely related to the design of pipelines, water supply network, drainage facilities and canals
• Material Engineering -  this branch deals with various kinds of materials, such as concrete, mix asphalt concrete, metals; its attention is drawn to  increasing strength of aluminium, steel, polymers and carbon fibres
• Coastal Engineering  - the main task of this branch is to manage the coastal areas; it also tackles with the flooding defence and erosion
• Construction Engineering -  it provides planning and execution of the designs from transportation, site development, hydraulic, environmental, structural and geotechnical engineers; it plays a role in business in  drafting and reviewing contracts, evaluating logistical operations and prices monitoring
• Surveying – it is a process when a surveyor measures certain dimensions which occur on the Earth surface; land surveying is used for a boundary establishing and for making subdivision plans;  construction surveying includes existing condition survey, verifying the structure location during construction and survey at the end

Civil Engineering and Branches

Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like bridges, roads, canals, dams and buildings.
Civil engineering is the oldest engineering discipline after military engineering and it was defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering. It is traditionally broken down into several sub-disciplines including environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, transportation engineering, municipal or urban engineering, water resources engineering, materials engineering, coastal engineering, surveying, and construction engineering. Civil engineering takes place on all levels: in the public sector from municipal through to national governments, and in the private sector from individual home owners through to international companies. 

Questions

1. What kind of discipline is civil engineering?
2. Which is the oldest engineering discipline?
3. What are the civil engineering sub-disciplines?
4. Which sectors usecivil engineering?

Answers

1. Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline.
2. Military engineering is the oldest engineering discipline.
3. The sub-disciplines include environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, transportation engineering, municipal or urban engineering, water resources engineering, materials engineering, coastal engineering, surveying, and construction engineering.
4. Civil engineering isusedbothwithinthe public and private sectors.