Studijní materiály pro Logistics 1 vznikly za finanční podpory IGS 2014 VŠTE
v Českých Budějovicích (č. projektu 17/2014)
©2014 Mgr. Jindřiška Šulistová
1) Historical outline of transport and shipping
2) Transport technology
3) Transport infrastructure
4) Transport organization
5) Means of transport – road / land transport
6) Means of transport – water transport
7) Means of transport –air transport
8) Means of transport – rail transport
9) Shipping
10) Transport planning
11) Safety of transport and shipping
12) Environmental aspects of transport, sustainable transport
13) Current trends in transport and shipment
1. Discuss with your partner what you know about the history of the transportation in
the Czech Republic. Share your knowledge with the class.
2. Read the article below about the transportation within the U.S.
Domestic Transportation - some History
Transportation within the borders of the U.S. used to be a highly regulated industry.
In 1887, the Act to Regulate Commerce first regulated the railroads. This act created the once
imposing Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC). The Act and the Commission were
created to curb abuses within the rail industry. Primary among these were: discrimination
favouring one shipper over another; rebates given by a carrier to a shipper or prospective
shipper to obtain or maintain business; special rates favouring certain shippers; rates were
not published; and the rate system was confusing and complex.
In 1935, congress passed regulation for the motor carrier industry. Known as the
Motor Carrier Act – 1935, its purpose was to bring stabilization to an industry that viewed as
chaotic at the time. The act defined three different classes of carriers: common carriers,
contract carriers and private carriers. Briefly, a common carrier is one who holds his services
out to the general public. A contract carrier is one who offers its services to one or a limited
number of persons under the terms of a contract. Finally, a private carrier is a company that
operates its own fleet of vehicles.
Congress initially regulated the domestic air carrier industry in the 1920’s and 1930’s.
The first comprehensive legislation passed was the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938. This
created the Civil Aeronautics Board as the governing authority for domestic air
transportation. The Federal Aviation Act supplemented this law in 1958.
In the late 1970’s, the transportation industry and the federal government realized that
the current regulatory environment was an impediment to competition and a movement
began to deregulate the industry.
In 1977, air cargo was the first transportation mode to be deregulated. Then in 1980,
the floodgates opened and the rail industry was deregulated with the passing of the Staggers
Rail Act of 1980 and motor carriers were deregulated by the Motor Carrier Act of 1980. This
trend continued through the 1980’s.
In 1985, the governing body for the airline industry, the Civil Aeronautics Board, was
sunsetted (dissolved). This was followed-up by the Federal Aviation Act of 1994, which
eliminated all interstate economic regulation of the industry by the federal government.
The motor carrier industry was the subject of a number of pieces of legislation in the
early- to mid- 1990’s. The Negotiated Rates Act (NRA) of 1993 was implemented with the
purpose of protecting shippers from a flood of overcharge claims from bankrupt carriers. The
overcharge claims resulted from the then illegal practice of implementing discounts without
filing them with the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC). Then in 1994, congress passed
the Trucking Industry Regulatory Reform Act (TIRRA). The main provision of this law was
to repeal the filed rate doctrine. With the implementation of this law, a motor carrier was no
longer required to file its rates and rules with the ICC.
Finally, in 1995, the ICC Termination Act was passed eliminating the Interstate
Commerce Commission. The remaining powers of this once formidable organization were
transferred to the Surface Transportation Board (STB), which is an independent agency
within the Department of Transportation (DOT). A further consequence of this act was the
elimination of the distinction between common and contract carriers.
(Stroh, 2006)
Vocabulary
within (wɪˈðɪn) v rámci, uvnitř
act (n) (ækt) zákon (zde)
carrier (ˈkæriəʳ) dopravce
rate (reɪt) cenová relace, sazba
to supplement (tuː ˈsʌplɪmənt) dodat, doplnit
impediment (ɪmˈpedɪmənt) překážka
cargo (ˈkɑːgəʊ) náklad
open the floodgates (ˈəʊpᵊn ðiː ˈflʌdgeɪts) připravit živnou půdu
overcharge claim (ˌəʊvəˈʧɑːʤ kleɪm) předražený nárok / požadavek
to file (tuː faɪl) zařadit, zapsat, zaregistrovat
to dissolve (tuː dɪˈzɒlv) rozpustit, zrušit
to curb (tuː kɜːb) potlačit, omezit
3. In pairs / small groups try to elicit the meaning of underlined expressions.
4. Add the missing endings.
In 1935, congress pass____ regulation for the motor carrier industry. Known as the Motor
Carrier Act – 1935, its purpose was to bring stabilization to an industry that view____ as
chaotic at the time. The act defin____ three different classes of carriers: common carriers,
contract carriers and private carriers. Briefly, a common carrier is one who hold__ his
services out to the general public. A contract carrier is one who offer__ its services to one or a
limited number of persons under the terms of a contract. Finally, a private carrier is a
company that operate__ its own fleet of vehicles.
5. Read the article one more time and then rewrite it. Your schoolmate will add, if
needed, the missing information.
6. In small groups think of five questions related to the article (using at least in two of
them USED TO + INFINTIVE) . The rest of class will answer them.
1)_________________________________________________
2) _________________________________________________
3) _________________________________________________
4) _________________________________________________
5) _________________________________________________
Short topic outline
Historical outline of transportation and shipping
1887 - the Act to Regulate Commerce
Abuses in the railway industry:
 discrimination
 rebates
 special rates favouring certain shippers
 not published rates
 the confusing rate system
1935 – motor carrier industry regulation
1938 - Civil Aeronautics Act - first comprehensive legislation
1977- air cargo the first transportation mode deregulated
1990s – a lot of pieces of legislation in the motor carrier industry
Short grammar outline
Used to + infinitive
Use + meaning
- the structure is used to express events in the past, or things which happened
(regularly) which are not true anymore
Form
Positive: He used to go to the theatre with his wife.
Negative: They didn’t (did not) use to read fairy-tales.
Question: Did they use to go by train?
Test
1 Would you like some more coffee? There’s still .................... left.
A a little B little C a few D few
2 She’s already .................... her mother.
A so tall than B as tall than C so tall as D as tall as
3 Mary wants to know if she can bring a friend of .................... to the party.
A her B him C hers D his
4 My brother, .................... lives in Spain, is coming to visit us.
A which B that C what D who
5 If you .................... soon, we’ll miss the start of the film.
A aren’t coming B don’t come C won’t come D wouldn’t come
6 I don’t allow my children .................... so badly.
A that they behave B behave C to behave D behaving
7 I .................... watching that programme because it’s very interesting.
A amuse B please C smile D enjoy
8 .................... that you would be at the meeting.
A I was said B It was said me C I was told D will arrive to
9 I’ll ring you when I .................... the hotel.
A arrive at B will arrive at C arrive to D will arrive to
10 She’s got a much more interesting .................... in the company now.
A job B work C employ D reward
(Fowler, 2005)
Key
4. Add the missing endings.
In 1935, congress pass#ed regulation for the motor carrier industry. Known as the Motor
Carrier Act – 1935, its purpose was to bring stabilization to an industry that view#ed as
chaotic at the time. The act defin#ed three different classes of carriers: common carriers,
contract carriers and private carriers. Briefly, a common carrier is one who hold#s his services
out to the general public. A contract carrier is one who offer#s its services to one or a limited
number of persons under the terms of a contract. Finally, a private carrier is a company that
operate# s its own fleet of vehicles.
Test
1 A
2 D
3 C
4 D
5 B
6 C
7 D
8 C
9 A
10 A
Bibliography
FOWLER, W. S. Penguin Readers Teacher’s Guides: Placement Tests. Harlow : Pearson
Education, 2005. ISBN 0 582 47380 2.
STROH, M. B. A Practical Guide to Transportation and Logistics. Dumont: Logistics
Network, 2006. ISBN 0-9708115-1-9.
1. Discuss with your partner the outstanding products of the transport technology in the
Czech Republic (Czechoslovakia). Share your knowledge with the class.
2. Read the article giving milestones of world transport technology.
Timeline of transport technology
Antiquity
 Stone Age – Dugout canoes and walked
 5000 BC - Wheels were developed
 3500 BC – Wheeled carts are invented in Mesopotamia
 3500 BC – River boats are invented
 3100 BC – Horses are tamed and used for transport in Botai Egypt
 2000 BC – Chariots built by Indo-Iranians
 500 BC – Postal system developed in Persian Empire
 312 BC – One of the earliest paved roads still maintained, the Appian Way, is built;
the Romans eventually built over 50,000 miles of paved Roman roads
 312 BC - First Roman Aqueduct
 236 BC – The date ascribed by Vitruvius for the first documented elevator, which he
reports as having been built by Archimedes.
Middle Ages
 1044 – Compass invented in China
 13th century (or before) – Rocket invented in Afghanistan.
 late 15th century - European sailing ships become advanced enough to reliably cross
oceans.
17th century
 1620 – Cornelius Drebbel builds the world's first known submarine
 1662 – Blaise Pascal invents a horse-drawn public bus which has a regular route,
schedule, and fare system
18th century
 1783 – Joseph Montgolfier and Étienne Montgolfier launch the first hot air balloons
 1784 – William Murdoch built a working model of a steam carriage
19th century
 1801 – Richard Trevithick ran a full-sized steam 'road locomotive' on the road in
England
 1804 – Richard Trevithick built a prototype steam-powered railway locomotive
 1807 –Nicéphore Niépce installed his Pyréolophore internal combustion engine in a
boat and powered up the river Saone in France.
 1807 – Isaac de Rivas made a hydrogen gas powered internal combustion engine and
mounted it on a vehicle.
 1814 – George Stephenson built the first practical steam-powered railway locomotive
"Blutcher" at Killingworth Colliery.
 1816 – The most likely originator of the bicycle is the German, Baron Karl von Drais,
who rode his 1816 machine while collecting taxes from his tenants.
 1819 – SS Savannah, the first vessel to cross the Atlantic Ocean partly under steam
power.
 1830 - Liverpool Manchester Railway opens. First public transport system without
animal traction, first public line with no rope hauled sections for main journey, first
railway between 2 large towns, first timetabled trains, first railway stations, first train
faster than a mail coach, first tunnels under streets, first proper modern railway
 1838 – Isambard Kingdom Brunel's SS Great Western, the first purpose-built
transatlantic steamship, inaugurates the first regular transatlantic steamship service.
 1852 – Elisha Otis invents the safety elevator.
 1853 – Sir George Cayley built and demonstrated the first heavier-than-air aircraft (a
glider)
 1862 – Étienne Lenoir made a gasoline engine automobile
 1867 - first modern motorcycle was invented
 1868 – George Westinghouse invented the compressed-air brake for railway trains.
 1883 - Karl Benz invents the first car powered by an internal combustion engine, he
called it the Benz Patent Motorwagen.
 1894 – Hildebrand & Wolfmüller became the first motorcycle available to the public
for purchase.
 1897 – Charles Parsons' Turbinia the first vessel to be powered by a steam turbine,
makes her debut.
 1899 - Ferdinand von Zeppelin builds the first successful airship
20th century
 1900 – Ferdinand von Zeppelin launches the first successful airship
 1903
o Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright fly the first motor-driven airplane
o Diesel engine tested in a canal boat by Rudolph Diesel, Adrian Bochet and
Frederic Dyckhoff
 1908 – Henry Ford develops the assembly line method of automobile manufacturing
with the introduction of the Ford Model T
 1935 – First flight of the DC-3, one of the most significant transport aircraft in the
history of aviation
 1939 - First jet engine powered aircraft, the Heinkel He 178, takes flight.
 1942 – V2 rocket covers a distance of 200 kilometres (120 mi)
 1947 – First supersonic manned flight
 1955 – The first nuclear-powered vessel, the USS Nautilus, a submarine, is launched
 1957
o Sputnik 1, the first man-made satellite to be launched into orbit
o First flight of the Boeing 707, the first commercially-successful jet airliner
 1961 – Vostok 1, the first manned space mission, designed by Sergey Korolyov and
Kerim Kerimov, makes two orbits around the Earth
 1969
o First flight of the Boeing 747, the first commercial wide-body airliner.
o First manned Moon landing
 1976 – Concorde makes the world's first commercial passenger-carrying supersonic
flight
 1994 - The Channel Tunnel opens
21st Century
 2002 - the Segway PT self-balancing personal transport was launched by inventor
Dean Kamen
 2004 – the first commercial high speed Maglev train starts operation between
Shanghai and its airport.
 2004 - the first flight of Space, the first privately funded human spaceflight (21 June
2004).
(Timeline of transportation technology, Wikipedia, 2014)
Vocabulary
dugout (ˈdʌgaʊt) kánoe z vydlabaného kmene
cart (kɑːt) povoz, kára
chariot (ˈʧæriət) vůz (válečný)
paved (peɪvd) vydlážděný
to ascribe (tuː əˈskraɪb) připisovat, přisuzovat
rocket (ˈrɒkɪt) raketa
to launch (tuː lɔːnʧ) zavést, představit (na trhu)
carriage (ˈkærɪʤ) kočár, drožka, vagón
to run (tuː rʌn) provozovat
combustion engine (kəmˈbʌsʧᵊn ˈenʤɪn) spalovací motor
internal combustion engine (ɪnˈtɜːnᵊl kəmˈbʌsʧᵊn
ˈenʤɪn)
motor s vnitřním spalováním
to mount (tuː maʊnt) namontovat, přimontovat
tenant (ˈtenənt) nájemce
vessel (ˈvesᵊl) loď, plavidlo
hauled (hɔːld) tažený
aircraft (ˈeəkrɑːft) letadlo, letoun
gasoline (ˈgæsᵊliːn) benzín
compressed-air brake (kəmˈprest eəʳ breɪk) pneumatická brzda, vzduchová brzda
assembly line (əˈsembli laɪn) montážní / výrobní linka
manned (mænd) s lidskou posádkou
jet (ʤet) tryskáč
wide-body (waɪd ˈbɒdi) široké tryskové letadlo
supersonic (ˌsuːpəˈsɒnɪk) nadzvukový, supersonický
3. In pairs / small groups try to elicit the meaning of underlined expressions.
4. Fill in the gaps with the expressions below.
assembly aviation commercial covers engine into introduction jet launches manned ope
ns takes
• 1900 – Ferdinand von Zeppelin ________________ the first successful airship
• 1903 o Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright fly the first motor-driven airplane o Diesel
____________ tested in a canal boat by Rudolph Diesel, Adrian Bochet and Frederic
Dyckhoff
• 1908 – Henry Ford develops the ________________ line method of automobile
manufacturing with the ________________________ of the Ford Model T
• 1935 – First flight of the DC-3, one of the most significant transport aircraft in the history
of ________________
• 1939 - First jet engine powered aircraft, the Heinkel He 178, __________ flight.
• 1942 – V2 rocket ____________ a distance of 200 kilometres (120 mi)
• 1947 – First supersonic ____________ flight
• 1955 – The first nuclear-powered vessel, the USS Nautilus, a submarine, is launched
• 1957 o Sputnik 1, the first man-made satellite to be launched ________ orbit o First flight
of the Boeing 707, the first commercially-successful ______ airliner
• 1961 – Vostok 1, the first manned space mission, designed by Sergey Korolyov and Kerim
Kerimov, makes two orbits around the Earth
• 1969 o First flight of the Boeing 747, the first ____________________ wide-body airliner.
o First manned Moon landing
• 1976 – Concorde makes the world's first commercial passenger-carrying supersonic flight
• 1994 - The Channel Tunnel__________
5. Read the article one more time and choose one significant invention for you and
google more information about it. Then in pairs talk about your inventions, why you
have chosen it, the pros and cons, and so on. Write down your findings.
6. In small groups think of five questions related to the article WH-QUESTIONS . The
rest of class will answer them.
1)_________________________________________________
2) _________________________________________________
3) _________________________________________________
4) _________________________________________________
5) _________________________________________________
Short topic outline
Transport technology
Milestones
Antiquity – wheels, river boats, carts, paved roads
Middle-Ages – compass, rocket, advanced ships
17th
century – submarine, horse-drawn public bus
18th
century – hot-air balloons, steam carriage
19th
century - steam-powered railway locomotive, internal combustion engine, bicycle,
transatlantic steamship, safety elevator, gasoline engine automobile, compressed-air brake,
airship
20th
century - motor-driven airplane, assembly line method, first supersonic manned flight,
first nuclear-powered vessel, wide-body airliner,
21st
century - Segway PT self-balancing personal transport, first commercial high speed
Maglev train
Short grammar outline
Wh-questions
What – asking about information
What…for, Why – asking about the reason
When – asking about the time
Where – asking about the place
Which – asking about the properties, characteristics
Who – asking about a person (subject)
Whom – asking about a person (object)
Whose – asking about the ownership
How far – asking about the distance
How long – asking about the length
How much – asking about quantity (uncountable)
How many - asking about quantity (countable)
How old – asking about the age
Test
1 Can you lend me .................... scissors?
A a B two C a couple of D a pair of
2 It will cost a lot of money to have .................... .
A that work done B that work made C done that work D made that work
3 I .................... have tea than coffee.
A would like more B prefer C had better D would rather
4 Good .................... ! I hope you win.
A sort B wish C luck D chance
5 Take an umbrella .................... it rains while you are out.
A if B in case C because D for
6 I couldn’t hear what she was .................... .
A telling B saying C talking D speaking
7 You nearly had an accident. You .................... drive more carefully.
A would B ought C should D had to
8 That’s the hotel .................... we stayed last year.
A which B that C chat D where
9 I had fallen asleep and didn’t realise at first that the phone .................... .
A rang B was ringing C has rung D had rung
10 I broke a .................... while I was doing the washing-up
A glass wine B wine glass C glass for wine D glass of wine
(Fowler, 2005)
Key
4. Fill in the gaps with the expressions below.
• 1900 – Ferdinand von Zeppelin #launches the first successful airship
• 1903
o Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright fly the first motor-driven airplane
o Diesel #engine tested in a canal boat by Rudolph Diesel, Adrian Bochet and Frederic
Dyckhoff
• 1908 – Henry Ford develops the #assembly line method of automobile manufacturing
with the #introduction of the Ford Model T
• 1935 – First flight of the DC-3, one of the most significant transport aircraft in the
history of #aviation
• 1939 - First jet engine powered aircraft, the Heinkel He 178, #takes flight.
• 1942 – V2 rocket #covers a distance of 200 kilometres (120 mi)
• 1947 – First supersonic #manned flight
• 1955 – The first nuclear-powered vessel, the USS Nautilus, a submarine, is launched
• 1957
o Sputnik 1, the first man-made satellite to be launched #into orbit
o First flight of the Boeing 707, the first commercially-successful #jet airliner
• 1961 – Vostok 1, the first manned space mission, designed by Sergey Korolyov and
Kerim Kerimov, makes two orbits around the Earth
• 1969
o First flight of the Boeing 747, the first #commercial wide-body airliner.
o First manned Moon landing
• 1976 – Concorde makes the world's first commercial passenger-carrying supersonic
flight
• 1994 - The Channel Tunnel #opens
Test
1 D
2 A
3 D
4 C
5 B
6 B
7 C
8 D
9 B
10 B
Bibliography
FOWLER, W. S. Penguin Readers Teacher’s Guides: Placement Tests. Harlow : Pearson
Education, 2005. ISBN 0 582 47380 2.
WIKIPEDIA. Timeline of transportation technology. [online]. 2014, [cit. 2014-14-8].
Available at WWW : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_transportation_technology
1. Before reading the article think in pair about a definition of the word
INFRASTRUCTURE.
2. Read the article below about the transport infrastructure.
Transport infrastructure
 Road and highway networks, including structures (bridges, tunnels, retaining walls),
signage and markings, electrical systems (street lighting and traffic lights), edge
treatments (curbs, sidewalks, landscaping), and specialized facilities such as road
maintenance depots and rest areas
 Mass transit systems (Commuter rail systems, subways, tramways, trolleys, City
Bicycle Sharing system, City Car Sharing system and bus transportation)
 Railways, including structures, terminal facilities (rail yards, railway stations), level
crossings, signalling and communications systems
 Canals and navigable waterways requiring continuous maintenance (dredging, etc.)
 Seaports and lighthouses
 Airports, including air navigational systems
 Bicycle paths and pedestrian walkways, including pedestrian bridges, pedestrian
underpasses and other specialized structures for cyclists and pedestrians
 Ferries
Communications infrastructure
 Postal service, including sorting facilities
 Telephone networks (land lines) including telephone exchange systems
 Mobile phone networks
 Television and radio transmission stations, including the regulations and standards
governing broadcasting
 Cable television networks including receiving stations and cable distribution
networks (does not include content providers or "networks" when used in the sense of
a specialized channel such as CNN or MTV)
 The Internet, including the internet backbone, core routers and server farms, local
internet service providers as well as the protocols and other basic software required
for the system to function (does not include specific websites, although may include
some widely used web-based services, such as social network services and web
search engines)
 Communications satellites
 Undersea cables
 Major private, government or dedicated telecommunications networks, such as those
used for internal communication and monitoring by major infrastructure companies,
by governments, by the military or by emergency services, as well as national
research and education networks
 Pneumatic tube mail distribution networks
( Infrastructure, Wikipedia, 2014)
Vocabulary
retaining wall (rɪˈteɪnɪŋ wɔːl) zadržující zeď, štětovnice
edge (eʤ) kraj, okraj, hranice
treatment (ˈtriːtmənt) zacházení, zpracování
curb (kɜːb) obrubník
rail yard (reɪl jɑːd) odstavné kolejiště
dredging (ˈdreʤɪŋ) bagrování
underpass (ˈʌndəpɑːs) podchod
internet backbone (ˈɪntənet ˈbækbəʊn) opora / páteř internetu
core router (kɔːʳ ˈroutər) stěžejní směrovač
pneumatic tube mail (njuːˈmætɪk tjuːb meɪl) potrubní pošta
signage (ˈsaɪnɪʤ) značky, system značek
3. In pairs / small groups try to elicit the meaning of underlined expressions.
4. Fill in the gaps with the expressions below.
facilities highway maintenance maintenance navigable other paths retaining Sharing tre
atments
• Road and ______________ networks, including structures (bridges, tunnels,
__________________ walls), signage and markings, electrical systems (street lighting and
traffic lights), edge ____________________ (curbs, sidewalks, landscaping), and specialized
facilities such as road ______________________ depots and rest areas
• Mass transit systems (Commuter rail systems, subways, tramways, trolleys, City Bicycle
______________ system, City Car Sharing system and bus transportation)
• Railways, including structures, terminal ____________________ (rail yards, railway
stations), level crossings, signalling and communications systems
• Canals and __________________ waterways requiring continuous
______________________ (dredging, etc.)
• Seaports and lighthouses
• Airports, including air navigational systems
• Bicycle __________ and pedestrian walkways, including pedestrian bridges, pedestrian
underpasses and __________ specialized structures for cyclists and pedestrians
• Ferries
5. Read the article one more time and choose one item either from transport or
communication infrastructure and gather in small groups as much information as
possible within the place you live (or the Czech Republic) and then share it with the rest
of the class. Afterwards, write the information down.
6. In small groups think of five questions related to the article (using QUESTION
TAGS) . The rest of class will answer them.
1)_________________________________________________
2) _________________________________________________
3) _________________________________________________
4) _________________________________________________
5) _________________________________________________
Short topic outline
Transport infrastructure
1) Transport infrastructure
Road and highway networks
Mass transit systems
Railways
Canals and navigable waterways
Seaports and lighthouses
Airports, including air navigational systems
Bicycle paths and pedestrian walkways
Ferries
2) Communication infrastructure
Postal service
Telephone networks
Mobile phone networks
Television and radio transmission stations
Cable television
Communications satellites
Undersea cables
Pneumatic tube mail distribution networks
Short grammar outline
Question tags
- are made with an auxiliary verb and a pronoun
- if the sentence is negative, the positive question tag is used
- if the sentence is positive, the negative question tag is used
He is here, isn’t he?
They will grow carrot next year, won’t they?
He cannot leave in the middle of presentation, can he?
I am pretty good at what I’m doing, aren’t I?
They used to travel by plane, didn’t they?
Open the window, will you?
Let’s leave, shall we?
Test
21 Would you mind .................... the children while I’m out?
A looking after B looking for C caring D taking care
22 I’ll write him a note .................... he’ll know where we are.
A that B so C for D as
23 That man .................... my purse.
A robbed me B stole me C robbed D stole
24 They .................... on holiday and .................... in love.
A found … got B knew … became C met … fell D saw … grew
25 We had a lovely time. It was .................... good party.
A so B such C a so D such a
26 They will never agree because they hate .................... other.
A each B each to C one to D to one
27 The furniture for their house has cost them a large .................... of money.
A lot B amount C number D piece
28 He’s going to have a new .................... made to wear at the wedding.
A dress B clothes C cloth D suit
29 I’m going to the supermarket .................... a few things.
A to buy B for buy C for buying D in order buy
30 I’ll be sad when I have to give .................... playing tennis.
A off B in C out D up
(Fowler, 2005)
Key
1. infrastructure – the basic systems and services that are necessary for a country or an
organization to run smoothly
(Oxford’s Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 2005)
4. Fill in the gaps with the expressions below.
• Road and #highway networks, including structures (bridges, tunnels, #retaining walls),
signage and markings, electrical systems (street lighting and traffic lights), edge #treatments
(curbs, sidewalks, landscaping), and specialized facilities such as road #maintenance depots
and rest areas
• Mass transit systems (Commuter rail systems, subways, tramways, trolleys, City
Bicycle #Sharing system, City Car Sharing system and bus transportation)
• Railways, including structures, terminal #facilities (rail yards, railway stations), level
crossings, signalling and communications systems
• Canals and #navigable waterways requiring continuous #maintenance (dredging, etc.)
• Seaports and lighthouses
• Airports, including air navigational systems
• Bicycle #paths and pedestrian walkways, including pedestrian bridges, pedestrian
underpasses and #other specialized structures for cyclists and pedestrians
• Ferries
Test
1 A
2 B
3 D
4 C
5 D
6 A
7 B
8 D
9 A
10 D
Bibliography
FOWLER, W. S. Penguin Readers Teacher’s Guides: Placement Tests. Harlow : Pearson
Education, 2005. ISBN 0 582 47380 2.
HORNBY, A.S. Oxford’s Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. Oxford : OUP, 2005. ISBN 0-19-
431649-1.
WIKIPEDIA. Infrastructure. [online]. 2014, [cit. 2014-14-8]. Available at WWW :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure
1. Discuss with your partner the most interesting / boring / the newest / oldest / emptiest
/ fullest airport / port you have ever been to. Then share the experience of your
schoolmate with the whole class.
2. Read the article below and order paragraphs in the second part (The organisation of a
port).
The Organisation of an Airport
An airport is the location where aircraft take off and land, where goods, passengers and
their baggage transit. Aircraft may be stored or maintained at an airport, where we usually
distinguish two main parts: an air side and a land side. In the former we find all the
infrastructures and services that serve to move aircraft, runways, taxiways, aircraft parkings,
aprons and the air traffic control system; in the latter there are all the facilities and services
associated with passengers such as the access to the airport, the terminal footpaths and the
car parks. Gates are instead usually considered the border between the two areas.
The airport ramp or apron is the area where aircraft are parked, unloaded or loaded,
refuelled and boarded. The apron is not usually open to the general public and a license may
be required to gain access.
The use of the apron may be controlled by the apron management service (apron control
or apron advisory).
The apron is designated by the I.C.A.O. (International Civil Aviation Organization) as
not being part of the manoeuvring area. All vehicles, aircraft and people using the apron are
referred to as ‘apron traffic’.
In the USA, the words ‘apron’ and ‘ramp’ are used interchangeably in most
circumstances. Generally, the pre-flight activities are carried out on ramps and areas for
parking & maintenance are called aprons.
(D’Acunto, 2012)
The Organisation of a Port
A This expansion makes it imperative for the port to have efficient, up to date terminal
buildings and also adequate space for vehicle ferry lines and for customer facilities
for disembarking vehicles. Container transport is an expanding segment of the port of
Oslo.
B The port currently has two container terminals, but development is underway to bring
all container handling into one single terminal. When completed, this terminal will
have a total quay length of 700 metres with a minimum water depth of 12 metres.
Ferry traffic into and out of Oslo is expanding all the time with newer and ever larger
ferries being taken into service.
C Oslo is Norway’s busiest ferry port with four daily departures to Denmark and
Germany. The ferries carry over 2.6 million passengers a year and 1.2 million tons of
freight. The freight carried by these ferries constitutes a third of the general cargo
handled by the port of Oslo.
D Ferry traffic into and out of Oslo is expanding all the time with newer and ever larger
ferries being taken into service.
(D’Acunto, 2012)
Vocabulary
to distinguish (tuː dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ) rozlišit
apron (ˈeɪprən) parkovací plocha, rampa
advisory (ədˈvaɪzᵊri) poradenský, informační zpravodajství
to designate (tuː ˈdezɪgneɪt) ustanovit, určit, jmenovat
carryout (ˈkæriaʊt) provést, uskutečnit, vykonat
freight (freɪt) náklad, dopravné
cargo (ˈkɑːgəʊ) náklad
imperative (ɪmˈperətɪv) pravidlo, řád, směrnice
disembarking (ˌdɪsɪmˈbɑːkɪŋ) vylodění se
segment (ˈsegmənt) část, díl
handle by (ˈhændᵊl baɪ) mít na starosti, řídit
3. In pairs / small groups try to elicit the meaning of underlined expressions.
4. Fill in the gaps with the expressions below.
as at by for In in of off on out to with
An airport is the location where aircraft take ______ and land, where goods, passengers and
their baggage transit. Aircraft may be stored or maintained ____ an airport, where we usually
distinguish two main parts: an air side and a land side. In the former we find all the
infrastructures and services that serve to move aircraft, runways, taxiways, aircraft parkings,
aprons and the air traffic control system; in the latter there are all the facilities and services
associated ________ passengers such as the access to the airport, the terminal footpaths and
the car parks. Gates are instead usually considered the border between the two areas. The
airport ramp or apron is the area where aircraft are parked, unloaded or loaded, refuelled and
boarded. The apron is not usually open ____ the general public and a license may be required
to gain access. The use of the apron may be controlled by the apron management service
(apron control or apron advisory). The apron is designated ____ the I.C.A.O. (International
Civil Aviation Organization) as not being part ____ the manoeuvring area. All vehicles,
aircraft and people using the apron are referred to ____ ‘apron traffic’. ____ the USA, the
words ‘apron’ and ‘ramp’ are used interchangeably ____ most circumstances. Generally, the
pre-flight activities are carried ______ ____ ramps and areas ______ parking & maintenance
are called aprons.
5. Imagine you are checking in at the airport. Role-play the dialogue with your partner.
Afterwards, write your dialogue down.
6. In small groups think of five questions related to the article. The rest of class will
answer them.
1)_________________________________________________
2) _________________________________________________
3) _________________________________________________
4) _________________________________________________
5) _________________________________________________
Short topic outline
Transport organization
Organization of an airport
- two main parts: a) air part
b) land part
- air side: infrastructures and services that serve to move aircraft, runways, taxiways, aircraft
parkings, aprons and the air traffic control system
- land side: facilities and services associated with passengers
- the airport ramp or apron
- the apron may be controlled by the apron management service
Short grammar outline
Prepositions of place
( Scrivener, 2010)
Test
1 The building is not safe so nobody is allowed .................... it.
A enter B entering C to enter D that they enter
2 My uncle, .................... was born abroad, now lives quite near me.
A which B that C what D who
3 They .................... at university and .................... close friends.
A found … got B knew … stayed C met … became D saw … grew
4 If he .................... improve soon, he won’t pass the driving test.
A isn’t B doesn’t C won’t D wouldn’t
5 Would you like some more wine? There’s still .................... left.
A a little B little C a few D few
6 It’s a very good film so I .................... seeing it.
A amused B pleased C smiled D enjoyed
7 Hello! I didn’t expect to see you. .................... that you were on holiday.
A I was said B It was said me C I was told D It was told me
8 She’s a lovely little girl. I think that she’s going to be .................... her mother.
A so pretty than B as pretty than C so pretty as D as pretty as
9 You’re getting fat. You .................... take more exercise.
A would B ought C should D had to
10 There was a lot of noise so I didn’t understand what he was .................... .
A telling B saying C talking D speaking
(Fowler, 2005)
Key
1. C, D, A, B
4. Fill in the gaps with the expressions below.
An airport is the location where aircraft take #off and land, where goods, passengers and
their baggage transit. Aircraft may be stored or maintained #at an airport, where we usually
distinguish two main parts: an air side and a land side. In the former we find all the
infrastructures and services that serve to move aircraft, runways, taxiways, aircraft parkings,
aprons and the air traffic control system; in the latter there are all the facilities and services
associated #with passengers such as the access to the airport, the terminal footpaths and the
car parks. Gates are instead usually considered the border between the two areas.
The airport ramp or apron is the area where aircraft are parked, unloaded or loaded,
refuelled and boarded. The apron is not usually open #to the general public and a license may
be required to gain access.
The use of the apron may be controlled by the apron management service (apron control
or apron advisory).
The apron is designated #by the I.C.A.O. (International Civil Aviation Organization) as
not being part #of the manoeuvring area. All vehicles, aircraft and people using the apron are
referred to #as ‘apron traffic’.
#In the USA, the words ‘apron’ and ‘ramp’ are used interchangeably #in most
circumstances. Generally, the pre-flight activities are carried #out #on ramps and areas #for
parking & maintenance are called aprons.
Test
1 C
2 D
3 C
4 B
5 A
6 D
7 C
8 D
9 C
10 B
Bibliography
FOWLER, W. S. Penguin Readers Teacher’s Guides: Placement Tests. Harlow : Pearson
Education, 2005. ISBN 0 582 47380 2.
SCRIVENER, J. Teaching English Grammar. Macmillan, 2010. Third edition. 84, 88, 89, 92,
93. ISBN 978-0-2307-2321-4.
1. Discuss with your partner road transport in the Czech Republic. It is said that Czech
are mad drivers, they do not respect the rules. Do you agree with that stereotype? Do
you know stereotype about drivers from other countries. Share your knowledge with the
class.
2. Read the article below.
Means of transport – road transport
On the road again
Mike: These are very narrow parking bays! Can you check for other cars while I reverse?
Phyllis: OK. Nothing coming in either direction.
Mike: Great. Now where?
Phyllis: There’s the exit sign over there – just follow that minibus.
Mike: Right. Oh, wait a second – they’ve just turned off. I don’t want to go into the
service station. I’ve got plenty of petrol.
Phyllis: I think you need to take that service road to the right, past the petrol station and
the motel. Be careful you don’t land on the hard shoulder.
Mike: As long as I don’t end up in the lorry park! No, you’re right. Here’s the slip road
onto the motorway. I’ll just accelerate a bit and have a look for a gap in the traffic. There,
that´s it.
Phyllis: Well done! It’s not easy when everything is travelling so fast.
Mike: Next stop, Birmingham!
(Taylor, 2012)
Vocabulary
parking bay (pɑːkɪŋ beɪ) parkoviště
to reverse (tuː rɪˈvɜːs) couvat
3. In pairs / small groups try to elicit the meaning of underlined expressions.
4. Add the missing endings using the ones below.
for for off on onto up
Mike: These are very narrow parking bays! Can you check ______ other cars while I reverse?
Phyllis: OK. Nothing coming in either direction.
Mike: Great. Now where?
Phyllis: There’s the exit sign over there – just follow that minibus.
Mike: Right. Oh, wait a second – they’ve just turned ______ . I don’t want to go into the
service station. I’ve got plenty of petrol.
Phyllis: I think you need to take that service road to the right, past the petrol station and the
motel. Be careful you don’t land ____ the hard shoulder.
Mike: As long as I don’t end ____ in the lorry park! No, you’re right. Here’s the slip road
________ the motorway. I’ll just accelerate a bit and have a look ______ a gap in the traffic.
There, that´s it.
Phyllis: Well done! It’s not easy when everything is travelling so fast.
Mike: Next stop, Birmingham!
5. Read the article one more time and expand the dialogue (at least two statements for
each speaker). Then write your version down.
6. In small groups think of five questions related to the article (using at least in two of
them phrasal words). The rest of class will answer them.
1)_________________________________________________
2) _________________________________________________
3) _________________________________________________
4) _________________________________________________
5) _________________________________________________
Short topic outline
Means of transport – road / land
A road - a route of travel, usually surfaced with gravel, asphalt or concrete
Road vehicles
- cars
- buses
- motorcycles
- bicycles
- long vehicles
Highway Code – set of rules for driving
The most frequent problems:
- traffic jams
- speeding
- a lack of parking lots / bays
( Mode of transport, Wikipedia, 2014)
Short grammar outline
Phrasal verbs – TURN
Turn on - zapnout
Turn off - vypnout
Turn up – dát nahlas, objevit se, přijet
Turn over - překonat
Turn down - ztlumit, odmítnout
Turn in – odevzdat
Turn back – otočit se zpět, obrátit se
Turn around – otočit se
Test
1 Have you finished working yet? I don’t think……………….. .
A it B that C so
2 Please ask……………………………see me.
A her B her to C to her to
3 Somebody stole her bag so she…………………money from a friend.
A lent B earned C borrowed
4 When he heard the news, he…………………. .
A just smiled B has just smiled C was just smiling
5 ‘…………………books are these?’ ‘They’re mine!’
A Which B What C Whose
6 You…………………have a ticket to travel on the train.
A must B need C want
7 I……….my uncle since last year.
A didn’t see B don’t see C haven’t seen
8 Those people with the guide have never been……………….before.
A abroad B foreign C outside
9 My wife doesn’t eat meat, and I don’t,…………… .
A either B too C neither
10 Have you had………………to eat?
A enough B too many C some more
(Fowler, 2005)
Key
4. Add the missing endings using the ones below.
Mike: These are very narrow parking bays! Can you check #for other cars while I reverse?
Phyllis: OK. Nothing coming in either direction.
Mike: Great. Now where?
Phyllis: There’s the exit sign over there – just follow that minibus.
Mike: Right. Oh, wait a second – they’ve just turned #off. I don’t want to go into the
service station. I’ve got plenty of petrol.
Phyllis: I think you need to take that service road to the right, past the petrol station and
the motel. Be careful you don’t land #on the hard shoulder.
Mike: As long as I don’t end #up in the lorry park! No, you’re right. Here’s the slip road
#onto the motorway. I’ll just accelerate a bit and have a look #for a gap in the traffic. There,
that´s it.
Phyllis: Well done! It’s not easy when everything is travelling so fast.
Mike: Next stop, Birmingham!
Test
1 C
2 B
3 C
4 A
5 C
6 A
7 C
8 A
9 A
10 A
Bibliography
FOWLER, W. S. Penguin Readers Teacher’s Guides: Placement Tests. Harlow : Pearson
Education, 2005. ISBN 0 582 47380 2.
Taylor, K. (2012). On the road again. Business Spotlight , 72.
WIKIPEDIA. Modes of Transport. [online]. 2014, [cit. 2014-14-8]. Available at WWW :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode_of_transport#Land
1. Does your schoolmate have any experience with the water transport (a boat, kayak,
canoe, ship, cruise ship, ferry…). Find out and share with the class.
2. Read the article below.
A Ship’s Structure
Modern ships are, almost without exception, built of steel. Shipbuilders today use steel
which has good corrosion resistance when exposed to seawater, and which does not get
brittle at low temperatures (below freezing) since many ships are at sea during cold storms in
wintertime.
Steel typically has a fatigue limit, below which any quantity of stress will not cause metal
fatigue and cracks. Ship design criteria generally assume that all normal loads on the ship
should be below the fatigue limit for the steel used in its construction. It is wise to assume
that the ship will regularly operate fully loaded, in heavy weather and strong waves, and that
it will encounter its maximum operating conditions many time over during its lifetime.
Naval architecture is an engineering discipline dealing with the design, construction,
maintenance and operation of marine vessels and structures. Naval architecture involves
preliminary design of the vessel, its detailed design, construction, trials, operation and
maintenance, launching and dry-docking. Naval architecture also involves formulation of
safety regulations and damage control rules and the approval and certification of ship
designs. Due to the complexity associated with operating in a marine environment, naval
architecture is a co-operative effort between groups of technically skilled individuals who are
specialists in particular fields, often coordinated by a lead naval architect.
A naval architect is an engineer who is responsible for the design, construction, and/or
repair of ships, boats, other marine vessels, and offshore structures, both commercial and
military.
Modern engineering on this scale is essentially a team activity conducted by specialists in
their respective fields and disciplines. Naval architects integrate these activities. This
demanding leadership role requires managerial qualities. In addition to this leadership role, a
naval architect also has a specialist function in ensuring that a safe, economic, and seaworthy
design is produced. Naval architects typically work for shipyards, ship owners, design firms
and equipment manufacturers, classification societies, navies and governments.
(D’Acunto, 2012)
Vocabulary
brittle (ˈbrɪtᵊl) křehký, lámavý
fatigue limit (fəˈtiːg ˈlɪmɪt) mezní hodnota únavy materiálu
to assume (tuː əˈsjuːm) předpokládat
load (ləʊd) zatížení, břímě, náklad
to operate (tuː ˈɒpᵊreɪt) fungovat, působit, provozovat
encounter (ɪnˈkaʊntəʳ) setkat se, narazit na něco
preliminary (prɪˈlɪmɪnᵊri) předběžný, přípravný
dry dock (draɪ dɒk) suchý dok
approval (əˈpruːvᵊl) oficiální schválení, souhlas, přijetí
offshore (ˌɒfˈʃɔːʳ) příbřežní
to conduct (tuː ˈkɒndʌkt) provádět, řídit, organizovat
to ensure (tuː ɪnˈʃɔːʳ) zajistit, zaručit, postarat se
seaworthy (ˈsiːˌwɜːði) schopný plavby
shipyard (ˈʃɪpjɑːd) loděnice
navy (ˈneɪvi) námořnictvo
3. In pairs / small groups try to elicit the meaning of underlined expressions.
4. Fill in the gaps with expressions below.
approval dealing Due effort its lead marine offshore particular preliminary regulations
Naval architecture is an engineering discipline ______________ with the design,
construction, maintenance and operation of marine vessels and structures. Naval architecture
involves ______________________ design of the vessel, ______ detailed design,
construction, trials, operation and maintenance, launching and dry-docking. Naval
architecture also involves formulation of safety ______________________ and damage
control rules and the ________________ and certification of ship designs. ______ to the
complexity associated with operating in a marine environment, naval architecture is a cooperative
____________ between groups of technically skilled individuals who are specialists
in ____________________ fields, often coordinated by a ________ naval architect. A naval
architect is an engineer who is responsible for the design, construction, and/or repair of ships,
boats, other ____________ vessels, and ________________ structures, both commercial and
military.
5. Read the article one more time and take turns with you schoolmates in small groups
in order to give as much information as possible from the article. After 10 minutes,
compare your information with other groups.
6. In small groups think of five questions related to the article (using at least in two of
them PASSIVE VOICE). The rest of class will answer them.
1)_________________________________________________
2) _________________________________________________
3) _________________________________________________
4) _________________________________________________
5) _________________________________________________
Short topic outline
Means of transport – water
Ships – made of steel
- good corrosion resistance
- it does not get brittle at low temperatures
Fatigue limit of steel
Naval architecture - the design, construction, maintenance and operation of marine vessels
and structures
Safety regulations
Damage control rules
Responsibilities of a naval architect
Short grammar outline
Passive voice
Use and meaning – when activity agent is unknown or when it is not needed / required /
wanted to give the agent
Form - to be + past participle (so-called third column)
The ships are made of steel.
Have they been informed about the arrival of the new staff?
The safety regulations won’t be broken anymore.
Mentioning the agent requires a preposition BY (The church has been designed by a worldknow
architect)
Test
1 Who was the girl……………..?
A spoke to you B that you were speaking to C that you spoke
2 She was born………………….. .
A since 100 years B 100 years ago C for 100 years
3 We must go now. Call the waiter and ask for the………. .
A bill B price C cost
4 Hurry, children! I’m going to…………you to school in the car.
A bring B carry C take
5 She’s a friend of……….. .
A them B theirs C their
6 There isn’t much news in the paper today,……………?
A isn’t it B is there C are there
7 I couldn’t find my hat………………. .
A nowhere B everywhere C anywhere
8 This book is very easy………….. understand.
A for B in C to
9 I ……………in bed when she arrived.
A was still B was yet C still was
10 We can go out now………….it isn’t raining.
A for B so C while
(Fowler, 2005)
Key
4. Fill in the gaps with expressions below.
Naval architecture is an engineering discipline #dealing with the design, construction,
maintenance and operation of marine vessels and structures. Naval architecture involves
#preliminary design of the vessel, #its detailed design, construction, trials, operation and
maintenance, launching and dry-docking. Naval architecture also involves formulation of
safety #regulations and damage control rules and the #approval and certification of ship
designs. #Due to the complexity associated with operating in a marine environment, naval
architecture is a co-operative #effort between groups of technically skilled individuals who
are specialists in #particular fields, often coordinated by a #lead naval architect.
A naval architect is an engineer who is responsible for the design, construction, and/or
repair of ships, boats, other #marine vessels, and #offshore structures, both commercial and
military.
Test
1 B
2 B
3 A
4 C
5 B
6 B
7 C
8 C
9 A
10 C
Bibliography
D’ACUNTO, E. (2012). FLASH on English for TRANSPORT&LOGISTICS . Recanati: ELI
S.r.l.
FOWLER, W. S. Penguin Readers Teacher’s Guides: Placement Tests. Harlow : Pearson
Education, 2005. ISBN 0 582 47380 2.
1. Work in small groups and think of recent airplane success / failure.
2. Read the article below and put the paragraph into a correct order.
The Basics of Airplane Construction
The engines provide thrust to push the plane forward through the air. The most
common propulsion units are propellers (powered by turbine engines) and jet engines
(which provide thrust directly from the engine and usually also from a large fan
mounted within the engine). The landing gear is a set of wheels that support the plane
while it is on the surface. On some planes the landing gear retracts during flight to
reduce drag.
A fixed/wings aircraft consists of 5 main components: the fuselage, the wings, the
stabilisers, the engines and the landing gear.
The fuselage is a long, thin body, often cylindrical, and usually with tapered or
rounded ends to make its shape aerodynamically smooth. It may contain the flight
crew, passengers, cargo, fuel and engines.
There are two types of stabilizer: a vertical stabilizer and a horizontal stabilizer. The
first of these is mounted at the rear of the plane and typically protruding above it. The
vertical stabiliser stabilises the plane’s yaw (turn left or right) and mounts the rudder
which controls its rotation along that axis. The horizontal stabiliser, or tail-plane, is
mounted at the tail of the plane, near the vertical stabilizer and is used to stabilise the
plane’s pitch (tilt up or down).
The wing is shaped to deflect air downward as the plane moves forward, generating
upward lifting force to support it in flight. The wing also stabilizes the plane’s roll (tilt
left or right).
The pilots operate the plane from a cockpit located at the front or top of the fuselage
and equipped with controls, windows and instruments. All the other parts of the plane
are attached to the fuselage.
(D’Acunto, 2012)
Vocabulary
thrust (θrʌst) tah, síla
propulsion (prəˈpʌlʃᵊn) pohon
fan (fæn) vrtule
gear (gɪəʳ) ozubené soukolí
retract (rɪˈtrækt) vtáhnout, zatáhnout (se)
drag (dræg) aerodynamický odpor
fuselage (ˈfjuːzᵊlɑːʒ) trup (letadla)
stabilizer (ˈsteɪbᵊlaɪzəʳ) ustalovač
tapered (ˈteɪpəd) zúžený, špičatý
rear (rɪəʳ) zadní část
to protrude (tuː prəʊˈtruːd) vyčnívat
yaw (jɔː) vybočení, odchýlení se od kursu
to mount (tuː maʊnt) vyzdvihnout, zvýšit
rudder (ˈrʌdəʳ) směrové kormidlo, směrovka
axis (ˈæksɪs) osa
tail-plane (teɪlpleɪn) ocasní plocha
pitch (pɪʧ) výška, poloha
to tilt (tuː tɪlt) naklonit (se), nachýlit (se)
to deflect (tuː dɪˈflekt) odklonit
to generate (tuː ˈʤenᵊreɪt) vytvořit, vyrábět
roll (rəʊl) houpavý pohyb
propeller (prəˈpeləʳ) vrtule
3. In pairs / small groups try to elicit the meaning of underlined expressions.
4. Fill in the gaps with the expressions below.
also at its mounted pitch plane’s propulsion provide retracts support through types
There are two __________ of stabilizer: a vertical stabilizer and a horizontal stabilizer. The
first of these is ______________ at the rear of the plane and typically protruding above it. The
vertical stabiliser stabilises the __________________ yaw (turn left or right) and mounts the
rudder which controls ______ rotation along that axis. The horizontal stabiliser, or tail-plane,
is mounted ____ the tail of the plane, near the vertical stabilizer and is used to stabilise the
plane’s __________ (tilt up or down). The engines ______________ thrust to push the plane
forward ______________ the air. The most common ____________________ units are
propellers (powered by turbine engines) and jet engines (which provide thrust directly from
the engine and usually ________ from a large fan mounted within the engine). The landing
gear is a set of wheels that ______________ the plane while it is on the surface. On some
planes the landing gear ________________ during flight to reduce drag.
5. Read the article one more time and then make lines of 10 students. The first student
whisper a piece of information from the article (containing at least 10 words) to a person
next to. The last student in a row will write down the outcome and when all lines finish,
the last students in the rows, read the sentences.
6. In small groups think of five questions related to the article (using at least in two of
them FIRST CONDITIONAL) . The rest of class will answer them.
1)_________________________________________________
2) _________________________________________________
3) _________________________________________________
4) _________________________________________________
5) _________________________________________________
Short topic outline
Means of transport - air
Parts of fixed/wings aircraft: the fuselage
the wings
the stabilisers
the engines
the landing gear
Cockpit – a plane is operated from a cockpit
Two types of stabilizer: a vertical stabilizer
a horizontal stabilizer
Short grammar outline
First conditional
- real, possible
- IF = jestli
IF + Present simple, main clause + Will
If I have time, I will fly with the aircraft, which you have recommended me.
The pilots will land in Frankfurt if the turbulences don’t stop.
Test
1 Is………..than mine?
A longer her hair B her hair longer C her hair more long
2 ……………………….is it to your parent’s house?
A How long B How much way C How far
3 You ……………….come if you don’t want to.
A couldn’t B haven’t C needn’t
4 We’re all hungry. Go out and buy another…………… .
A bread B loaf C sandwich
5 She’ll be 16 on her next birthday, ………… she?
A isn’t B won’t C hasn’t
6 If you want to succeed, you must work……………. .
A harder B more hard C very hardly
7 ‘Come here!’ the policeman said in a ………… voice.
A big B loud C strong
8 Both……….. play the piano very well.
A they B them C of them
9 She has a very good job. She earns a thousand pounds……..week.
A a B for C the
10 …………….. in the class likes that teacher.
A Everyone B All students C All the students
(Fowler, 2005)
Key
1. Read the article below and put the paragraph into a correct order.
A fixed/wings aircraft consists of 5 main components: the fuselage, the wings, the
stabilisers, the engines and the landing gear.
The fuselage is a long, thin body, often cylindrical, and usually with tapered or rounded
ends to make its shape aerodynamically smooth. It may contain the flight crew, passengers,
cargo, fuel and engines.
The pilots operate the plane from a cockpit located at the front or top of the fuselage and
equipped with controls, windows and instruments. All the other parts of the plane are attached
to the fuselage.
The wing is shaped to deflect air downward as the plane moves forward, generating
upward lifting force to support it in flight. The wing also stabilizes the plane’s roll (tilt left or
right).
There are two types of stabilizer: a vertical stabilizer and a horizontal stabilizer. The first
of these is mounted at the rear of the plane and typically protruding above it. The vertical
stabiliser stabilises the plane’s yaw (turn left or right) and mounts the rudder which controls
its rotation along that axis. The horizontal stabiliser, or tail-plane, is mounted at the tail of the
plane, near the vertical stabilizer and is used to stabilise the plane’s pitch (tilt up or down).
The engines provide thrust to push the plane forward through the air. The most common
propulsion units are propellers (powered by turbine engines) and jet engines (which provide
thrust directly from the engine and usually also from a large fan mounted within the engine).
The landing gear is a set of wheels that support the plane while it is on the surface. On some
planes the landing gear retracts during flight to reduce drag.
4. Fill in the gaps with the expressions below.
There are two #types of stabilizer: a vertical stabilizer and a horizontal stabilizer. The first of
these is #mounted at the rear of the plane and typically protruding above it. The vertical
stabiliser stabilises the #plane’s yaw (turn left or right) and mounts the rudder which controls
#its rotation along that axis. The horizontal stabiliser, or tail-plane, is mounted #at the tail of
the plane, near the vertical stabilizer and is used to stabilise the plane’s #pitch (tilt up or
down).
The engines #provide thrust to push the plane forward #through the air. The most common
#propulsion units are propellers (powered by turbine engines) and jet engines (which provide
thrust directly from the engine and usually #also from a large fan mounted within the engine).
The landing gear is a set of wheels that #support the plane while it is on the surface. On some
planes the landing gear #retracts during flight to reduce drag.
Test
1 B
2 C
3 C
4 B
5 B
6 A
7 B
8 C
9 A
10 A
Bibliography
D’ACUNTO, E. (2012). FLASH on English for TRANSPORT&LOGISTICS . Recanati: ELI
S.r.l.
FOWLER, W. S. Penguin Readers Teacher’s Guides: Placement Tests. Harlow : Pearson
Education, 2005. ISBN 0 582 47380 2.
1. Discuss with your partner rail services in the Czech Republic comparing them with
other country / countries within the EU. Please take in account more aspects of services.
2. Read the article below.
Rail
Rail transport is where a train runs along a set of two parallel steel rails, known as a
railway or railroad. The rails are anchored perpendicular to ties (or sleepers) of timber,
concrete or steel, to maintain a consistent distance apart, or gauge. The rails and
perpendicular beams are placed on a foundation made of concrete or compressed earth and
gravel in a bed of ballast. Alternative methods include monorail and maglev.
A train consists of one or more connected vehicles that run on the rails. Propulsion is
commonly provided by a locomotive that hauls a series of unpowered cars that can carry
passengers or freight. The locomotive can be powered by steam, diesel or by electricity
supplied by trackside systems. Alternatively, some or all the cars can be powered, known as
a multiple unit. Also, a train can be powered by horses, cables, gravity, pneumatics and gas
turbines. Railed vehicles move with much less friction than rubber tires on paved roads,
making trains more energy efficient, though not as efficient as ships.
Intercity trains are long-haul services connecting cities; modern high-speed rail is capable
of speeds up to 350 km/h (220 mph), but this requires specially built track. Regional and
commuter trains feed cities from suburbs and surrounding areas, while intra-urban transport
is performed by high-capacity tramways and rapid transits, often making up the backbone of
a city's public transport. Freight trains traditionally used box cars, requiring manual loading
and unloading of the cargo. Since the 1960s, container trains have become the dominant
solution for general freight, while large quantities of bulk are transported by dedicated trains.
(Transport, Wikipedia, 2014)
Vocabulary
anchored (ˈæŋkəd) ukotvený
perpendicular (ˌpɜːpᵊnˈdɪkjʊləʳ) svislý, vertikální
timber (ˈtɪmbəʳ) dřevo, trámy
gauge (geɪʤ) šíře
beam (biːm) trám
propulsion (prəˈpʌlʃᵊn) pohon
to haul (tuː hɔːl) dopravovat, přepravovat
gravel (ˈgrævᵊl) štěrk
ballast (ˈbæləst) zátěž
maglev (mæglev) magnetické zatěžování
trackside (træksaɪd) umístěný vedle železniční trati
friction (ˈfrɪkʃᵊn) tření
long-haul (ˌlɒŋˈhɔːl) dálkový
tie / sleeper (taɪ / ˈsliːpəʳ) pražec
3. In pairs / small groups try to elicit the meaning of underlined expressions.
4. Fill in the gaps with the expressions below.
along Alternatively anchored beams by cables, efficient gravel maintain steel timber tir
es unpowered vehicles
Rail transport is where a train runs __________ a set of two parallel __________ rails, known
as a railway or railroad. The rails are ________________ perpendicular to ties (or sleepers) of
____________ , concrete or steel, to ________________ a consistent distance apart, or gauge.
The rails and perpendicular __________ are placed on a foundation made of concrete or
compressed earth and ____________ in a bed of ballast. Alternative methods include
monorail and maglev. A train consists of one or more connected ________________ that run
on the rails. Propulsion is commonly provided by a locomotive that hauls a series of
__________________ cars that can carry passengers or freight. The locomotive can be
powered ____ steam, diesel or by electricity supplied by trackside systems.
__________________________ , some or all the cars can be powered, known as a multiple
unit. Also, a train can be powered by horses,______________ gravity, pneumatics and gas
turbines. Railed vehicles move with much less friction than rubber __________ on paved
roads, making trains more energy efficient, though not as __________________ as ships.
5. Read the paragraph with a high-speed track (third paragraph). Discuss in small
group the speed track in the Czech Republic. If you need to get more information, feel
free to use a Google search engine. After 12 minutes of gathering the information, share
the outcome of your small discussion with the rest of the class.
6. In small groups think of five questions related to the article (using at least in one of
them SECOND CONDITIONAL) . The rest of class will answer them.
1)_________________________________________________
2) _________________________________________________
3) _________________________________________________
4) _________________________________________________
5) _________________________________________________
Short topic outline
Means of transport – rail
Rail transport - a train runs along a set of two parallel steel rails
A train consists of one or more connected vehicles
The locomotive can be powered by steam, diesel or by electricity
Intercity trains
High-speed rail -up to 350 km/h (220 mph)
Container trains for carrying cargo
Short grammar outline
Second conditional
- not real
- IF = Kdyby
IF + Past simple, main clause + Would
If there were a high-speed rail, many passengers would use it.
The travellers would appreciate if there all fast trains had an air-conditioning.
Test
1 I .................... have fish than meat.
A prefer B would like more C had better D would rather
2 The company have offered her a much better .................... in London.
A job B work C employ D reward
3 Hide this somewhere .................... the teacher sees it.
A if B in case C because D for
4 If people .................... more carefully, there wouldn’t be so many accidents.
A drove B drive C would drive D should drive
5 I gave her .................... stockings for her birthday.
A a B two C a couple of D a pair of
6 Good .................... ! I hope you pass the examination.
A chance B wish C luck D fortune
7 John has asked if he can bring a friend of .................... to the party.
A him B her C his D hers
8 I’ll leave her a message .................... she’ll know where to go.
A that B so C for D as
9 Some gangsters .................... all their money.
A robbed them B stole them C robbed D stole
10 I was answering the phone and didn’t realise you .................... outside.
A waited B were waiting C have waited D had waited
(Fowler, 2005)
Key
4. Fill in the gaps with the expressions below.
Rail transport is where a train runs #along a set of two parallel #steel rails, known as a
railway or railroad. The rails are #anchored perpendicular to ties (or sleepers) of #timber,
concrete or steel, to #maintain a consistent distance apart, or gauge. The rails and
perpendicular #beams are placed on a foundation made of concrete or compressed earth and
#gravel in a bed of ballast. Alternative methods include monorail and maglev.
A train consists of one or more connected #vehicles that run on the rails. Propulsion is
commonly provided by a locomotive that hauls a series of #unpowered cars that can carry
passengers or freight. The locomotive can be powered #by steam, diesel or by electricity
supplied by trackside systems. #Alternatively, some or all the cars can be powered, known as
a multiple unit. Also, a train can be powered by horses, #cables, gravity, pneumatics and gas
turbines. Railed vehicles move with much less friction than rubber #tires on paved roads,
making trains more energy efficient, though not as #efficient as ships.
Test
1 D
2 A
3 B
4 A
5 D
6 C
7 C
8 B
9 D
10 B
Bibliography
FOWLER, W. S. Penguin Readers Teacher’s Guides: Placement Tests. Harlow : Pearson
Education, 2005. ISBN 0 582 47380 2.
WIKIPEDIA. Transport. [online]. 2014, [cit. 2014-14-8]. Available at WWW :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport
1. In pairs speak about shipping companies within the EU (worldwide).
2. Read the article below.
Intermodal Freight Transport
Transport is everywhere! In the air, by rail or road, on the water, by cable or pipeline and
even in space – people, animals and goods are constantly on the move. Transport is
fundamental both for trade between people and for establishing cultural exchanges and
increasing understanding between different cultures. As a field of study transport can be
divided into three categories: infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Infrastructure for
transport is all around us – from airports, railway and bus station to warehouses, trucking
terminals, refuelling depots and seaports. Vehicles include automobiles, bicycles, buses,
trains, trucks, people, ships, helicopters and airplanes. Operations deal with the way the
vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose, including financing, legalities
and policies. Passenger transport may be public or private. Freight transport is today focused
on containerization. Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization,
but can also cause air pollution and use large amounts of land. It is commonly heavily
influenced by governments, both in terms of subsidies and planning, which is essential to
make traffic flow and control urban sprawl.
(D’Acunto, 2012)
Air Freight
Today an increasing number of goods are transported by air. Planes can transport letters,
cars and even horses as well as other planes! Virtually every passenger flight also transports
cargo, and of course many flights are for the transportation of goods only. The planes used
may be similar to passenger planes or are sometimes old passenger planes which have been
converted for goods transportation, or they may be cargo aircraft, some of which are
enormous. The Boeing 747-400, for example, can transport the same quantity of goods as 5
articulated lorries! But there is yet another category of plane which was developed
exclusively for cargo: the super transporter. The largest of these, the Antonov An-225, can
carry over 250 tons of cargo!
(D’Acunto, 2012)
Vocabulary
legality (liːˈgæləti) zákonnost
subsidy (ˈsʌbsɪdi) podpora
sprawl (sprɔːl) růst
3. In pairs / small groups try to elicit the meaning of underlined expressions.
4. Fill in the gaps with the expressions below.
amounts by cause constantly essential establishing everywhere from including infrastruc
ture into on procedures refuelling ships sprawl subsidies
Transport is ____________________ ! In the air, ____ rail or road, on the water, by cable or
pipeline and even in space – people, animals and goods are ____________________ on the
move. Transport is fundamental both for trade between people and for
________________________ cultural exchanges and increasing understanding between
different cultures. As a field of study transport can be divided ________ three categories:
____________________________ , vehicles, and operations. Infrastructure for transport is all
around us – ________ airports, railway and bus station to warehouses, trucking terminals,
____________________ depots and seaports. Vehicles include automobiles, bicycles, buses,
trains, trucks, people, __________ , helicopters and airplanes. Operations deal with the way
the vehicles are operated, and the ____________________ set for this purpose,
__________________ financing, legalities and policies. Passenger transport may be public or
private. Freight transport is today focused ____ containerization. Transport plays an important
part in economic growth and globalization, but can also __________ air pollution and use
large ______________ of land. It is commonly heavily influenced by governments, both in
terms of __________________ and planning, which is __________________ to make traffic
flow and control urban ____________ .
5. Choose one shipping company and in small groups prepare a short presentation about
it including the headquarters, where it operates, approximate number of employees,
possible benefits for the staff, pros and cons of being employed by the company, main
activities, and so on. Also add if you would like to join the shipping company in question
and give your reason. The presentation is to be shown in from of the class. You have 25
minutes for this task
6. In small groups think of five questions related to the article (using at least in one of
them SOME). The rest of class will answer them.
1)_________________________________________________
2) _________________________________________________
3) _________________________________________________
4) _________________________________________________
5) _________________________________________________
Short topic outline
Shipping
Air, by rail or road, on the water, by cable or pipeline, in space
Study transport – three categories: infrastructure
vehicles
operations
Passenger transport may be public or private
Vehicles include automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks, people, ships, helicopters and
airplanes
Short grammar outline
Some
Some is used for affirmatives
Some are used for questions
Some
When anticipating a positive response
Did she give you some money?
When offering something
Would you like some dessert?
When requesting something
Can we have some quiet?
(Scrivener, 2010)
Test
1 I broke a .................... while I was washing up.
A cup tea B tea cup C cup for tea D cup of tea
2 That’s the restaurant .................... we had dinner last week.
A which B that C what D where
3 She’s a good neighbour. She .................... the house when we’re on holiday.
A cares B takes care C looks after D looks for
4 The doctor has told him that he must give .................... smoking.
A off B out C from D up
5 They paid a large .................... of money for the house.
A lot B amount C piece D number
6 We had a wonderful holiday. It was .................... pleasant hotel.
A so B such C a so D such a
7 My colleagues have always disliked .................... .
A each other B each to other C one to other D one to another
8 I’m going to the library .................... a book.
A to borrow B for borrow C for lend D to lend
9 How much does it cost to have .................... ?
A a dress done B a dress made C done a dress D made a dress
10 I’ll meet you when you .................... the airport.
A arrive at B will arrive at C arrive to D will arrive to
(Fowler, 2005)
Key
4. Fill in the gaps with the expressions below.
Transport is #everywhere! In the air, #by rail or road, on the water, by cable or pipeline and
even in space – people, animals and goods are #constantly on the move. Transport is
fundamental both for trade between people and for #establishing cultural exchanges and
increasing understanding between different cultures. As a field of study transport can be
divided #into three categories: #infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Infrastructure for
transport is all around us – #from airports, railway and bus station to warehouses, trucking
terminals, #refuelling depots and seaports. Vehicles include automobiles, bicycles, buses,
trains, trucks, people, #ships, helicopters and airplanes. Operations deal with the way the
vehicles are operated, and the #procedures set for this purpose, #including financing, legalities
and policies. Passenger transport may be public or private. Freight transport is today focused
#on containerization. Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization,
but can also #cause air pollution and use large #amounts of land. It is commonly heavily
influenced by governments, both in terms of #subsidies and planning, which is #essential to
make traffic flow and control urban #sprawl.
Test
1 B
2 D
3 C
4 D
5 B
6 D
7 A
8 A
9 B
10 A
Bibliography
D’ACUNTO, E. (2012). FLASH on English for TRANSPORT&LOGISTICS . Recanati: ELI
S.r.l.
FOWLER, W. S. Penguin Readers Teacher’s Guides: Placement Tests. Harlow : Pearson
Education, 2005. ISBN 0 582 47380 2.
SCRIVENER, J. Teaching English Grammar. Macmillan, 2010. Third edition. 54, 55 p. ISBN
978-0-2307-2321-4.
1. With your schoolmate think of a definition of an expression ‘strategy’ without looking
in the article or googling.
2. Read the article below.
What is strategic planning?
1. Description
Strategic planning is a comprehensive process for determining what a business should
become and how it can best achieve that goal. It involves evaluating a full potential of a
business and details the actions and resources required to achieve the business’s
objectives. Strategic planning offers a systematic process to ask and answer the most
critical issues confronting a management team- especially major decisions involving a
large commitment of resources.
2. Methodology
A successful strategic planning process should:
 Describe the organization’s mission, vision, and fundamental values.
 Target potential business areas and explore each market for potential threats and
opportunities.
 Understand the current and future priorities of targeted customer segments.
 Analyse the company’s strengths and weaknesses.
 Determine which elements of the value chain the company should produce itself
rather than buy.
 Identify and evaluate alternative strategies.
 Develop an advantageous business model than will differentiate the company
from the competition.
 Define stakeholder expectations and establish clear objectives for the business.
 Prepare programs, policies, and plans to implement the strategy.
 Establish supportive organizational structures, decision processes, information
and control systems, as well as hiring and training systems.
 Allocate resources to develop critical capabilities.
 Plan for and respond to environmental changes.
 Monitor performance.
3. Common uses
Strategic planning processes are often implemented to:
 Change the direction and performance of a business.
 Encourage discussions of politically sensitive issues.
 Create a common Framework for decision-making in the organization.
 Set a proper context for budget decisions and performance evaluations.
 Train managers to make better decisions.
 Increase confidence in the business’s direction.
(Business Spotlight, 2009)
Vocabulary
to determine (tuː dɪˈtɜːmɪn) určovat, stanovit, rozhodnout (se)
to achieve (tuː əˈʧiːv) dosáhnout
to require (tuː rɪˈkwaɪəʳ) požadovat
objective (əbˈʤektɪv) cíl
issue (ˈɪʃuː) záležitost, otázka, problematika
commitment (kəˈmɪtmənt) závazek, povinnost
threat (θret) hrozba, výhrůžka
opportunity (ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti) příležitost
current (ˈkʌrᵊnt) současný
to differentiate (tuː ˌdɪfᵊˈrenʧieɪt) rozlišovat, odlišovat
to hire (tuː haɪəʳ) najmout
to allocate (tuː ˈæləkeɪt) přidělit, rozdělit
to encourage (tuː ɪnˈkʌrɪʤ) povzbudit, přimět
framework (ˈfreɪmwɜːk) soustava, stěžejní rámec
proper (ˈprɒpəʳ) pořádný, řádný, korektní, vlastní
3. In pairs / small groups try to elicit the meaning of underlined expressions.
4. Fill in the gaps with the expressions below.
advantageous Allocate alternative current performance should stakeholder threats vision
which
2. Methodology
A successful strategic planning process ____________ :
• Describe the organization’s mission, ____________ , and fundamental values.
• Target potential business areas and explore each market for potential ______________ and
opportunities.
• Understand the ______________ and future priorities of targeted customer segments. •
Analyse the company’s strengths and weaknesses.
• Determine __________ elements of the value chain the company should produce itself
rather than buy. • Identify and evaluate ______________________ strategies.
• Develop an ________________________ business model than will differentiate the
company from the competition.
• Define ______________________ expectations and establish clear objectives for the
business.
• Prepare programs, policies, and plans to implement the strategy.
• Establish supportive organizational structures, decision processes, information and control
systems, as well as hiring and training systems.
• ________________ resources to develop critical capabilities.
• Plan for and respond to environmental changes.
• Monitor ______________________ .
5. Read the article one more time and then in small groups think of any company placed
either in the Czech Republic or abroad which is not successful. Consider a strategy how
to reach a better performance. After 25 minutes present selected company and an
outline of strategy.
6. In small groups think of five questions related to the article (using at least in two of
them ANY). The rest of class will answer them.
1)_________________________________________________
2) _________________________________________________
3) _________________________________________________
4) _________________________________________________
5) _________________________________________________
Short topic outline
Transport planning
Strategic planning - comprehensive process for determining what a business should become
and how it can best achieve that goal
It involves evaluating a full potential of a business
Strategic planning offers a systematic process
Methodology
Common uses
Short grammar outline
Any
Not….any are used for negatives.
Some or any are used for questions
Any
Any in negative sentences
When referring to a zero quantity / amount
There weren‘t complaints.
Any in questions
Typically used to ask if either a small amount or nothing exists
Are there any biscuits left?
Any in affirmative sentences
When saying that it is not important which specific individual item is referred to
Press any key.
(Scrivener, 2010)
Test
1 Jane’s dress is .................... yours.
A the same than B the same to C similar than D similar to
2 We’ve proved that he was guilty but he .................... doesn’t admit it.
A yet B already C still D no longer
3 If I .................... the mistake, I would have corrected it.
A noticed B would notice C would have noticed D had noticed
4 Every old house like this has .................... strange stories.
A their B its C his D the
5 That’s my name on the cheque but it isn’t my.................... .
A signature B letter C firm D mark
6 ‘I’m going to the theatre tomorrow.’ ‘So .................... .’
A do I B I do C am I D I am
7 He came to the party .................... he hadn’t been invited.
A in case B in spite C although D even
8 I wanted to write to her but she .................... give me her address.
A hadn’t B hasn’t C shouldn’t D wouldn’t
9 She fell down and broke her ankle .................... was a pity.
A which B what C that D and
10 They were all on the platform, waiting .................... arrive.
A for the train B the train to C the train’s D for the train to
(Fowler, 2005)
Key
1. Definition of the word ‘strategy’.
a) a plan that is intended to achieve a particular purpose
b) the process of planning something or putting a plan into operation in a skilful way
c) the skill of planning the movement of armies in a battle or war
(Oxford’s Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 2005)
4. Fill in the gaps with the expressions below.
2. Methodology
A successful strategic planning process #should:
• Describe the organization’s mission, #vision, and fundamental values.
• Target potential business areas and explore each market for potential #threats and
opportunities.
• Understand the #current and future priorities of targeted customer segments.
• Analyse the company’s strengths and weaknesses.
• Determine #which elements of the value chain the company should produce itself
rather than buy.
• Identify and evaluate #alternative strategies.
• Develop an #advantageous business model than will differentiate the company from
the competition.
• Define #stakeholder expectations and establish clear objectives for the business.
• Prepare programs, policies, and plans to implement the strategy.
• Establish supportive organizational structures, decision processes, information and
control systems, as well as hiring and training systems.
• #Allocate resources to develop critical capabilities.
• Plan for and respond to environmental changes.
• Monitor #performance.
Test
1 D
2 C
3 D
4 B
5 A
6 C
7 C
8 D
9 A
10 D
Bibliography
Business Spotlight: angličtina pro mezinárodní komunikaci : the Czech edition of Business
Spotlight. Praha: Economia, 2009, roč. 4, 6/2009. S. 57. ISSN 1214-8377.
FOWLER, W. S. Penguin Readers Teacher’s Guides: Placement Tests. Harlow : Pearson
Education, 2005. ISBN 0 582 47380 2.
HORNBY, A.S. Oxford’s Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. Oxford : OUP, 2005. ISBN 0-19-
431649-1.
1. Discuss with your partner what makes the modes of transport safe / unsafe. Next
think of examples of safety measures in various kinds of workplaces. If you have any
personal experience with observing / not observing the regulations, you can share it.
2. Read the article below.
Safety Regulations and Legislation
In the field of transport and logistics, like in all areas of work, safety is a fundamental
consideration. In all workplaces today there are guidelines to follow in order to avoid
accidents, which explain what risks exist at work, their potential danger, and how to avoid
them. Employers are obliged to inform their workers of these indications. The following is
authentic information from European:
1 Employer’s Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969: this act requires employers to
take out insurance against accidents and ill health to their employees.
2 Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981: they cover requirements for first aid.
3 The Health and Safety Information for Employees Regulations 1989: they require
employers to display a poster telling employees what they need to know about health and
safety.
4 Workplace Regulations 1992: they cover a wide range of basic health and safety issues
such as ventilation, heating, lighting, workstations, seating and facilities.
5 Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992: they require employers to
provide appropriate protective clothing and equipment for their employees.
6 Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR):
they require employers to notify certain occupational injuries, diseases and dangerous
events.
7 Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998: they require that equipment
provided for use at work, including machinery, is safe.
8 Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999: they require employers to
carry out risk assessments and arrange for appropriate information and training.
9 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH): they require
employers to assess the risks from hazardous substances and take appropriate precautions.
(D’Acunto, 2012)
Safety Regulations for Air Passengers
If you have travelled by airplane you will know that there are many safety procedures to
follow before and during your journey. When you arrive at the airport your identity is
checked several times, you have to pass through security checkpoints, and when you are on
the plane and ready for take-off you have to listen to the in-flight safety procedures to
understand what to do in case of an emergency. When you arrive at your destination your
identity may be checked again and you may be asked to open your bags for inspection. If you
are carrying liquids in your hand luggage, for example, they may be taken away from you.
But why are all these safety checks so important? The main reason is to prevent acts of
terrorism. Many liquids, such as perfume and aerosols, can be used to create explosives;
computers can be programmed to control explosive devices; and many metal objects may be
used as weapons – so controlling these items is fundamental to guarantee the safety of all
passengers.
(D’Acunto, 2012)
Vocabulary
consideration (kənˌsɪdᵊrˈeɪʃᵊn) zvážení, uvážení
in order to (ɪn ˈɔːdəʳ tuː) aby
to be obliged to (tuː bɪ əˈblaɪʤd tuː) mít povinnost
indication (ˌɪndɪˈkeɪʃᵊn) znamení, náznak
liability (ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti) odpovědnost, ručení, náchylnost
act (ækt) zákon
to require (tuː rɪˈkwaɪəʳ) požadovat
to take out (tuː teɪk aʊt) odstranit, vypustit
to cover (tuː ˈkʌvəʳ) pokrýt
poster (ˈpəʊstəʳ) plakát
to provide (tuː prəʊˈvaɪd) zajistit, dodat, poskytnout
appropriate (əˈprəʊpriət) vhodný
occurrence (əˈkʌrᵊnts) událost, příhoda, výskyt
to notify (tuː ˈnəʊtɪfaɪ) oznámit, ohlásit
certain (ˈsɜːtᵊn) jistý, určitý
to carry out (tuː ˈkæri aʊt) provést, uskutečnit
assessment (əˈsesmənt) ohodnocení
to take precaution (tuː teɪk prɪˈkɔːʃᵊn) učinit opatření
weapon (ˈwepən) zbraň
3. In pairs / small groups try to elicit the meaning of underlined expressions.
4. Fill in the gaps with the expressions below.
acts aerosols away devices guarantee hand have identity inspection may on pass proc
edures take-off weapons what
Safety Regulations for Air Passengers
If you ________ travelled by airplane you will know that there are many safety
____________________ to follow before and during your journey. When you arrive at the
airport your ________________ is checked several times, you have to ________ through
security checkpoints, and when you are ____ the plane and ready for ________________ you
have to listen to the in-flight safety procedures to understand ________ to do in case of an
emergency. When you arrive at your destination your identity ______ be checked again and
you may be asked to open your bags for ____________________ . If you are carrying liquids
in your ________ luggage, for example, they may be taken ________ from you. But why are
all these safety checks so important? The main reason is to prevent ________ of terrorism.
Many liquids, such as perfume and ________________ , can be used to create explosives;
computers can be programmed to control explosive ______________ ; and many metal
objects may be used as ______________ – so controlling these items is fundamental to
__________________ the safety of all passengers.
5. Read the article one more time and discuss in small groups if all the regulations
mentioned in the text are really necessary or satisfactory. If not in either case, erase or
add the measures.
6. In small groups think of five questions related to the article (using at least in one of
them PREPOSITIONS OF MOVEMENT) . The rest of class will answer them.
1)_________________________________________________
2) _________________________________________________
3) _________________________________________________
4) _________________________________________________
5) _________________________________________________
Short topic outline
Safety of transport and shipping
In all workplaces today there are guidelines to follow
Act and regulations
Employer’s Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969
Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981
The Health and Safety Information for Employees Regulations 1989
Workplace Regulations 1992
Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992
Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995
Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998
Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002
Short grammar outline
Phrasal verb – Take
take after být po někom
take back vzít zpět
take in ubytovat, zahrnout, pochopit, (po)rozumět
take off svléknout, vzlétnout, odstranit
take out vzít někoho ven, vyvést, vybírat
take over převzít vedení
take up přijmout nabídku, projednávat
(Source: Anglická frázová slovesa)
Test
1 .................... a good thing that the teacher didn’t see you.
A That’s B It’s C What’s D There’s
2 He stayed under water for a minute and then swam to the .................... .
A sea B surface C level D ground
3 What was the name of the person who won first .................... ?
A reward B wage C prize D price
4 I didn’t realise that your house was .................... the other side of the road.
A in B by C for D on
5 Her work has been .................... and she deserves an increase in salary.
A regular B very well C satisfactory D available
6 He had to get off the bus because he couldn’t pay the .................... .
A bill B fare C wage D hire
7 I would like you .................... that again, please.
A to read B that you read C reading D read
8 We discussed the problem .................... our way to the office.
A through B on C by D in
9 The school that I went to was 10 miles .................... .
A away B far C distance D long
10 It’s a lovely dress but it’s too expensive. I can’t .................... it.
A spend B pay C afford D value
(Fowler, 2005)
Key
4. Fill in the gaps with the expressions below.
Safety Regulations for Air Passengers
If you #have travelled by airplane you will know that there are many safety #procedures to
follow before and during your journey. When you arrive at the airport your #identity is
checked several times, you have to #pass through security checkpoints, and when you are #on
the plane and ready for #take-off you have to listen to the in-flight safety procedures to
understand #what to do in case of an emergency. When you arrive at your destination your
identity #may be checked again and you may be asked to open your bags for #inspection. If
you are carrying liquids in your #hand luggage, for example, they may be taken #away from
you. But why are all these safety checks so important? The main reason is to prevent #acts of
terrorism. Many liquids, such as perfume and #aerosols, can be used to create explosives;
computers can be programmed to control explosive #devices; and many metal objects may be
used as #weapons – so controlling these items is fundamental to #guarantee the safety of all
passengers.
Test
1 B
2 B
3 C
4 D
5 C
6 B
7 A
8 B
9 A
10 C
Bibliography
D’Acunto, E. (2012). FLASH on English for TRANSPORT&LOGISTICS . Recanati: ELI S.r.l.
FOWLER, W. S. Penguin Readers Teacher’s Guides: Placement Tests. Harlow : Pearson
Education, 2005. ISBN 0 582 47380 2.
JAZYKY ONLINE. Anglická frázová slovesa. [online]. b.r., [cit. 2014-14-8]. Available at
WWW : http://www.jazyky-online.info/anglictina/frazova_slovesa.php
SCRIVENER, J. Teaching English Grammar. Macmillan, 2010. Third edition. 84, 88, 89, 92,
93. ISBN 978-0-2307-2321-4.
1. Discuss with your partner sustainable transport possibilities in the Czech Republic. If
possible, compare your outcome with the other countries within the E.U.
2. Read the article below.
Environmentally sustainable transport
Transport systems are major emitters of greenhouse gases, responsible for 23% of world
energy-related GHG emissions in 2004, with about three quarters coming from road vehicles.
Currently 95% of transport energy comes from petroleum. Energy is consumed in the
manufacture as well as the use of vehicles, and is embodied in transport infrastructure
including roads, bridges and railways.
The environmental impacts of transport can be reduced by improving the walking and
cycling environment in cities, and by enhancing the role of public transport, especially
electric rail.
Green vehicles are intended to have less environmental impact than equivalent standard
vehicles, although when the environmental impact of a vehicle is assessed over the whole of
its life cycle this may not be the case. Electric vehicle technology has the potential to reduce
transport CO2 emissions, depending on the embodied energy of the vehicle and the source of
the electricity. The Online Electric Vehicle (OLEV), developed by the Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), is an electric vehicle that can be charged while
stationary or driving, thus removing the need to stop at a charging station. The City of Gumi
in South Korea runs a 24 km roundtrip along which the bus will receive 100 kW (136
horsepower) electricity at an 85% maximum power transmission efficiency rate while
maintaining a 17 cm air gap between the underbody of the vehicle and the road surface. At
that power, only a few sections of the road need embedded cables. Hybrid vehicles, which
use an internal combustion engine combined with an electric engine to achieve better fuel
efficiency than a regular combustion engine, are already common. Natural gas is also used as
a transport fuel. Biofuels are a less common, and less promising, technology; Brazil met 17%
of its transport fuel needs from bioethanol in 2007, but the OECD has warned that the
success of biofuels in Brazil is due to specific local circumstances; internationally, biofuels
are forecast to have little or no impact on greenhouse emissions, at significantly higher cost
than energy efficiency measures.
In practice there is a sliding scale of green transport depending on the sustainability of
the option. Green vehicles are more fuel-efficient, but only in comparison with standard
vehicles, and they still contribute to traffic congestion and road crashes. Well-patronised
public transport networks based on traditional diesel buses use less fuel per passenger than
private vehicles, and are generally safer and use less road space than private vehicles. Green
public transport vehicles including electric trains, trams and electric buses combine the
advantages of green vehicles with those of sustainable transport choices. Other transport
choices with very low environmental impact are cycling and other human-powered vehicles,
and animal powered transport. The most common green transport choice, with the least
environmental impact is walking.
(Sustainable transport, Wikipedia)
Vocabulary
emitter (ɪˈmɪtəʳ) emitor, zářič, vyzařovač
GHG emission (Greenhouse Gases)
(ˈgriːnhaʊs ˈgæsɪz ɪˈmɪʃᵊn)
emise skleníkových plynů
to be embodied (tuː bɪ ɪmˈbɒdid) být součástí, být včleněn
to enhance (tuː ɪnˈhɑːnts) zvýšit, pozvednout
to charge (tuː ʧɑːʤ) nabít
embedded (ɪmˈbedɪd) vrytý, zapuštěný, zakotvený, hluboce
zakořeněný
internal combustion engine (ɪnˈtɜːnᵊl
kəmˈbʌsʧᵊn ˈenʤɪn)
motor s vnitřním spalováním
natural gas (ˈnæʧᵊrᵊl gæs) zemní plyn
to meet the needs (tuː miːt ði niːdz) splnit, vyhovět potřebám
OECD (The Organisation for Economic Cooperation
and Development) (ði
ˌɔːgᵊnaɪˈzeɪʃᵊn fɔːʳ ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃᵊn
organizace pro hospodářskou spolupráci a
rozvoj
ænd dɪˈveləpmənt)
congestion (kənˈʤesʧᵊn) ucpání, zahlcení
patronized (ˈpætrᵊnaɪzd) sponzorovaný, podporovaný
sustainable (səˈsteɪnəbᵊl) udržitelný, dlouhodobě fungující
3. In pairs / small groups try to elicit the meaning of underlined expressions.
4. Fill in the gaps with the expressions below.
advantages animal buses contribute crashes electric least low per sliding sustainability
with
In practice there is a ______________ scale of green transport depending on the
____________________________ of the option. Green vehicles are more fuel-efficient, but
only in comparison ________ standard vehicles, and they still ____________________ to
traffic congestion and road ______________ . Well-patronised public transport networks
based on traditional diesel __________ use less fuel ______ passenger than private vehicles,
and are generally safer and use less road space than private vehicles. Green public transport
vehicles including ________________ trains, trams and electric buses combine the
____________________ of green vehicles with those of sustainable transport choices. Other
transport choices with very ______ environmental impact are cycling and other humanpowered
vehicles, and ____________ powered transport. The most common green transport
choice, with the __________ environmental impact is walking.
5. In small groups write a list of pros and cons for green vehicles and ordinary vehicles.
Consider how to enhance the role of walking, give tips.
6. In small groups think of five questions related to the article (using at least in two of
them PREPOSITIONS OF MOVEMENT) . The rest of class will answer them.
1)_________________________________________________
2) _________________________________________________
3) _________________________________________________
4) _________________________________________________
5) _________________________________________________
Short topic outline
Environmental aspects of transport, sustainable transport
Transport systems are major emitters of greenhouse gases
The environmental impacts of transport can be reduced by: walking
cycling
enhancing public transport
Green vehicles
Electric vehicle
Hybrid vehicles
Transport fuel: natural gas
biofuel
Other transport choices with very low environmental impact: cycling
human-powered vehicles
animal powered transport
Walking
Short grammar outline
Prepositions of movement
(Scrivener, 2010)
Test
1 They .................... him of taking the money.
A accused B blamed C punished D threatened
2 I don’t think we’ve met before. You’re confusing me with .................... .
A some other B someone other C other person D someone else
3 She’d seen the film before, .................... she?
A hadn’t B didn’t C wouldn’t D shouldn’t
4 Look, there’s the waiter! .................... the bill.
A Ask him B Ask him for C Demand him D Demand him for
5 I don’t believe him, .................... excuse he offers.
A however B whatever C for any D for much
6 How long does it take you to .................... to work every day?
A approach B reach C get D arrive
7 She wasn’t .................... to reach the ceiling.
A enough tall B so tall C as tall D tall enough
8 We have .................... for a secretary but haven’t appointed anyone yet.
A announced B advised C advertised D noticed
9 I played very badly. I was .................... with myself.
A ashamed B disgusted C sorry D amazed
10 He’s a better player than I am so I didn’t expect to .................... him.
A beat B gain C win D victory
(Fowler, 2005)
Key
4. Fill in the gaps with the expressions below.
In practice there is a #sliding scale of green transport depending on the #sustainability
of the option. Green vehicles are more fuel-efficient, but only in comparison #with
standard vehicles, and they still #contribute to traffic congestion and road #crashes.
Well-patronised public transport networks based on traditional diesel #buses use less
fuel #per passenger than private vehicles, and are generally safer and use less road
space than private vehicles. Green public transport vehicles including #electric trains,
trams and electric buses combine the #advantages of green vehicles with those of
sustainable transport choices. Other transport choices with very #low environmental
impact are cycling and other human-powered vehicles, and #animal powered
transport. The most common green transport choice, with the #least environmental
impact is walking.
Test
1 A
2 D
3 A
4 B
5 B
6 C
7 D
8 C
9 B
10 A
Bibliography
FOWLER, W. S. Penguin Readers Teacher’s Guides: Placement Tests. Harlow : Pearson
Education, 2005. ISBN 0 582 47380 2.
SCRIVENER, J. Teaching English Grammar. Macmillan, 2010. Third edition. 88. ISBN
978-0-2307-2321-4.
WIKIPEDIA. Sustainable transport. [online]. 2014., [cit. 2014-14-8]. Available at WWW :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_transport
1. Discuss with your partner the new trends in transport, if needed use the Google
search engine and get ready the information on the task.
2. Read the article below.
Wings of change
The wings of the experimental aircraft measure more than 63 metres from end to end,
the same span as an Airbus A340, but they look weak, supported on the ground by wheeled
struts. They are covered with 11,268 photovoltaic cells, which look dark blue in the early
hours of the morning. The four ten-horsepower propellers; they power now start to turn
silently. Bertrand Piccard, a 55-year-old explorer and psychiatrist, puts on his helmet and
oxygen mask and completes his final checks. The Solar Impulse quietly taxies forwards. The
plane is travelling impossibly slowly – 30 kilometres an hour – when it gently raises its nose
and leaves the ground. With air beneath them, the long, thin wings seem to gain strength; the
fuselage that on the ground appeared almost breakable becomes elegant, like a long-legged,
long-necked bird in flight. It seems not to fly, though, so much as float. Piccard spends the
day steering the solar-powered plane through the air around the Matterhorn and lands 12
hours later, after sunset. But the Solar Impulse is a plane that could fly forever.
In 2013, it crossed the US. It took off in San Francisco in May and landed at New
York’s JFK airport in July, covering the distance in five stages, with Piccard and the other
project leader, André Borschberg, a former fighter pilot in the Swiss air force, changing
places in the cockpit. The flight was a remarkable success: the Solar Impulse flew further
than any solar-powered plane before it.
The plane that crossed America is a prototype, with the name HB-SIA. The next
Solar Impulse, the HB-SIB, is currently being built, and will try to fly around the world in
2015. Solar power can seem the least exciting of clean energy sources: it just sits there,
absorbing the sun. However, projects such as these seek adventure as they test the limits of
technical knowledge. That the technology involved might also one day save the planet is a
nice bonus.
Piccard started the Solar Impulse project because he had a problem with other fuels, a
personal one – they had nearly cost him his life. In March 1999, along with British pilot
Brian Jones, he had made the first non-stop journey around the world by balloon, in Breitling
Orbiter 3. “We started with 3.7 tonnes of liquid propane,” he says today. “We landed with
only 40 kilos.” Piccard promised himself that his next circumnavigation would rely on clean
energy alone.
As remarkable as the Orbiter 3 flight was, Piccard was flying in a high-tech form of a
technologically obsolete means of travel, the hot-air balloon. “Orbiter 3 was the end of 200
years of ballooning,” Piccard says. “But Solar Impulse is the beginning of a new cycle in the
history of aviation.”
The cycle also represents a new type of exploration, a new kind of adventure. Piccard
knows about both. His father, Jacques Piccard, took a submarine to the deepest point on
earth, seven miles (11.2 kilometres) underneath the sea to the Challenger Deep, in the
Mariana Trench; his grandfather, Auguste Piccard, a physicist and friend of Albert
Einstein’s, invented a balloon that he flew to a record height of 10 miles (16 kilometres) in
August 1932, becoming the first person to enter the stratosphere and to see the curvature of
the earth.
Today, according to Bertrand Piccard, the job of the modern explorer should focus on
improving life on earth. “I think the pioneering spirit is not any more to conquer the planet,
because it’s been done. There have been 12 people on the moon. Is it useful to be the 13th
or
14th
one? I don’t care. I think now the pioneering spirit should be more about the quality of
life, better governance of this planet. Solar Impulse is a symbol of this. We can do better
now.”
(Cheshire, 2014)
Vocabulary
span (spæn) rozpětí, rozsah
weak (wiːk) slabý
strut (strʌt) vzpěra, podpěra
propeller (prəˈpeləʳ) vrtule
to taxi (tuː ˈtæksi) rolovat, pojíždět
fuselage (ˈfjuːzᵊlɑːʒ) trup
circumnavigation (ˌsɜːkəmˌnævɪˈgeɪʃᵊn) obeplutí
obsolete (ˈɒbsᵊliːt) zastaralý
curvature (ˈkɜːvəʧəʳ) zakřivení
steering (stɪəʳɪŋ) řízení
3. In pairs / small groups try to elicit the meaning of underlined expressions.
4. Fill in the gaps with the expressions below.
air appeared completes could dark end experimental float impossibly look psychiatrist
silently sunset wings
The wings of the ________________________ aircraft measure more than 63 metres from
______ to end, the same span as an Airbus A340, but they ________ weak, supported on the
ground by wheeled struts. They are covered with 11,268 photovoltaic cells, which look
________ blue in the early hours of the morning. The four ten-horsepower propellers; they
power now start to turn ________________ . Bertrand Piccard, a 55-year-old explorer and
________________________ , puts on his helmet and oxygen mask and
__________________ his final checks. The Solar Impulse quietly taxies forwards. The plane
is travelling ____________________ slowly – 30 kilometres an hour – when it gently raises
its nose and leaves the ground. With air beneath them, the long, thin __________ seem to gain
strength; the fuselage that on the ground ________________ almost breakable becomes
elegant, like a long-legged, long-necked bird in flight. It seems not to fly, though, so much as
__________ . Piccard spends the day steering the solar-powered plane through the ______
around the Matterhorn and lands 12 hours later, after ____________ . But the Solar Impulse is
a plane that __________ fly forever.
5. Read the article one more time and then retell it in your small group.
6. In small groups think of five questions related to the article (using at least in two of
them TO BE USED TO + ING FORM) . The rest of class will answer them.
1)_________________________________________________
2) _________________________________________________
3) _________________________________________________
4) _________________________________________________
5) _________________________________________________
Short topic outline
Current trends in transport and shipment
Experimental aircraft – sun power
Speed - 30 kilometres an hour
Bertrand Piccard pioneer in solar power use in flying
Emphasis on the sustainability of the environment
Short grammar outline
To be used to + ing
Use and meaning
Expressing something which we are acquainted with, it is not unknown anymore,
Form
They are used to paying attention to the environment.
He is not used to speaking in front of public.
Are you used to doing research in your field of work?
Test
1 ‘I’m going to see the doctor tomorrow.’ ‘So .................... .’
A do I B I do C am I D I am
2 I didn’t leave that note on your desk. I suppose .................... did.
A some other B other person C someone other D someone else
3 Every royal palace has .................... secrets.
A the B its C his D their
4 They didn’t take any notice of us .................... we protested.
A in case B in spite C although D even
5 Oh, look! The design on that man’s tie is .................... yours.
A similar than B similar to C the same than D the same to
6 We can’t pay you unless we’re sure that this is his .................... on the cheque.
A signature B letter C mark D firm
7 If we .................... you were coming, we would have met you at the station.
A knew B would know C would have known D had known
8 I tried to persuade her, but she .................... listen.
A hasn’t B hadn’t C shouldn’t D wouldn’t
9 Congratulations! You’ve won first .................... !
A reward B victory C prize D price
10 .................... a pity that you can’t come to the party.
A That’s B It’s C What’s D There’s
(Fowler, 2005)
Key
4. Fill in the gaps with the expressions below.
The wings of the #experimental aircraft measure more than 63 metres from #end to end,
the same span as an Airbus A340, but they #look weak, supported on the ground by wheeled
struts. They are covered with 11,268 photovoltaic cells, which look #dark blue in the early
hours of the morning. The four ten-horsepower propellers; they power now start to turn
#silently. Bertrand Piccard, a 55-year-old explorer and #psychiatrist, puts on his helmet and
oxygen mask and #completes his final checks. The Solar Impulse quietly taxies forwards. The
plane is travelling #impossibly slowly – 30 kilometres an hour – when it gently raises its nose
and leaves the ground. With air beneath them, the long, thin #wings seem to gain strength; the
fuselage that on the ground #appeared almost breakable becomes elegant, like a long-legged,
long-necked bird in flight. It seems not to fly, though, so much as #float. Piccard spends the
day steering the solar-powered plane through the #air around the Matterhorn and lands 12
hours later, after #sunset. But the Solar Impulse is a plane that #could fly forever.
Test
1 C
2 D
3 B
4 C
5 B
6 A
7 D
8 D
9 C
10 B
Bibliography
FOWLER, W. S. Penguin Readers Teacher’s Guides: Placement Tests. Harlow : Pearson
Education, 2005. ISBN 0 582 47380 2.
Cheshire, T. (2014). Wings of change. Businees Spotlight, 72-73.